Unlike the human digestion system, crayfish have a rather simple system. Starting with the mouth, food is ingested and passed into the cardiac stomach via the esophagus. In this first stomach food is stored until it is passed into the pyloric stomach; filled with small “teeth” like structures. Once ground the food is handed out to the intestine, where nutrient is absorbed into the blood vessels and taken around the body. After the intestine, the excess waste is removed through the anus.
The digestion tract for earthworms is much like the crayfish. Food enters the mouth and gets pushed down into the esophagus by the pharynx. Next in line is the crop; an organ very similar the cardiac stomach. In the crop food in held until it is moved into
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As water moves through the gills oxygen gas is picked up and taken in by the blood vessels. The water is moved upward, forward, and out of the crayfish through the mouth. With the current of the blood, the oxygen is taken towards the tail and up towards the heart. By the time the oxygen gas has reached the heart most of it has become poorly oxygenated. The heart continues pumping ad when passed by the green glands any material not needed is excreted. As the blood arrives back at the gills, the now carbon dioxide gas is removed and more oxygen is taken in.
Earthworms, on the other hand, have a much simpler way of getting things done. Although living without any lungs or gills seems impossible, the earthworm is living proof that it is. If their skin is moist and coated with mucus, diffusion will occur. To get oxygen into its body it defuses into the worm; almost like the oxygen is being pulled into it. From there blood vessels grab the oxygen gas while being circulated by the pumping of its hearts. Soon after, the oxygen is used up and becomes carbon dioxide gas. The gas then defuses, or gets pushed, out of the worm; making room for more
Crayfish are decapods pertaining to the phylum arthropoda, which are invertebrates and contain an open-circulatory system.1 The system works by the hemolymph getting re-oxygenated in the gills before being transporting to the heart by brachio-cardiac veins and then pumped to sinuses that bathe tissues with oxygenated hemolymph.2 The crayfish contain a neurogenic heart that depends on neuronal input from cardiac ganglion.3 The neurogenic heart requires nerve impulses to produce contractions in contrast to a myogenic heart that can contract independently from the nervous system.3 The crayfish heart will beat due to the reaction of the ganglion to stimuli in the environment.4 Stimuli will affect the autonomic nervous system in the crayfish that control involuntary actions such as the heart rhythm.4 Neurotransmitters are the chemical signals in which the nervous system regulates both heart rate and contraction.3The autonomic nervous system breaks into two categories as parasympathetic system that is involved in relaxation of organs and the sympathetic system that will stimulate increased activity. Neurotransmitters can either increase or decrease heart rate by altering the patterns in neural activity of the heart.4 Crayfish are poikilotherms, which means they cannot metabolically thermoregulate thus conform to the ambient temperature in the water.
The built-in probe in the chamber measured the dissolved oxygen concentration in the chamber’s water (mg/L), which could reflect the oxygen consumption rate of goldfish. After the fish accommodated to the new environment, the oxygen concentration data were collected every 20 seconds for 10 minutes by the Logger Lite program. The data were then plotted into a scatter chart and analyzed with a linear trendline, to obtain
Their larger and stronger hearts allow them to pump blood through their bodies faster than we can, and this allows them to get more oxygen to their cells. Without a stronger
That is only because they don’t have a stomach. Have you ever wondered how seahorses eat their food? Seahorses eat their food by using their snout. Yes, it sounds disgusting but their snout is cleaner than our noses. They suck up the food they want to eat and it sucks it up like a vacuum cleaner picking up dust.
As larvae, the heartworms will nest inside the lungs, which is when
Also, there was different categories of critters in the water. There are 846 critters in group 1, 288 critters in group 2, 466 critters in group 3. Due to the experiment of the water velocity, we found out that the velocity is random at each point. This is good, because it means that the dissolved oxygen levels are to be high. The crayfish, belonging to the crustacean group is plentiful in the creek.
During the winter, crayfish go to the nether levels of the water, but will come back to the shores during the warmer summer months. “Unfortunately,” says Dr. Sudeep Chandra, a biology professor at the University of Nevada in Reno, “getting rid of the crayfish completely is nearly impossible with our current techniques”. Traps have been used to try and catch some of the crayfish, but nevertheless, only limited amounts have been captured. There have been experiments to find a deterrent for the crayfish. Although some have been discovered, they are too virulent to use near other species.
The digestive system is responsible for chemically and mechanically breaking down food and includes organs such as, mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, anus, and additional accessory organs. These organs all aid in the breakdown of food. Food is broken down mechanically by chewing and churning in the stomach, and chemically by acidic enzymes in the stomach and in the small intestine which receives enzymes from the pancreas that are specifically designed for the breakdown of nutrients. Once the food and nutrients are broken down, the excretory system removes whatever the body decides is waste by filtering blood in the nephrons of the kidneys and turning it into urine which is then collected in the bladder and removed from the body when the bladder is
Writing assignment #3 Phylum Platyhelminthes, known as flatworms, which also include the Planarian. Animals within this phylum are the first organisms to evolve by having bilateral symmetry, meaning that their body is equally divided into left and right halves. Also by becoming triploblastic organisms, having three different tissue layers, the endoderm (inner layer), ectoderm (outer layer) and mesoderm (third layer) these structures will be the base for the adult body. They lack a body cavity and therefore, they do not go through embryonic development.
Lungworms cycle starts when ingestion of infective larva. The infective larvae then lays the intestinal wall where then the larva migrates into the bloodstream. Then infected larvae reside in the lungs until the development into an adult lungworm. After that the adult lungworm eggs hatch and are coughed up and go back into the stomach where the host releases it back into the environment via feces. It can cause major economic loss if an outbreak occurs, many livestocks can get infected and possibly die.
A distinct observation is the fact that the ventral surface of the earthworm is a lighter colour than the dorsal side. During the dissection, a small ring like structure may have been observed. This ring like structures, known as segments, are found around the body of the earthworms. Each earthworm are made up of many segments but are sometimes hard to notice. These segments are filled with liquid to help the earthworms move around.
Worm therapy is widely used because it can reestablish immune system balance. The ability of worms to protect various diseases, such as colitis, encephalitis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma and diabetes mellitus has been studied experimentally [20,21]. Many studies have shown that living nematodes have become an alternative therapy [22-24], but this method has disadvantages, because patients must be infected by living nematodes into the body [24-26], thus, a large number of the parasites to implement these therapies. The specific mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of gastrointestinal nematodes are not clearly understood. It has been studied about the inflammatory response is caused by a parasite and the consequences resulting from the nematode
Fish use their gills and the flow of water over the gills to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. The process begins with the fish opening its mouth as it breathes letting in water and essentially, oxygen. It then closes its mouth and forces the water through the gills and out through the operculum (a flap of skin protecting a fish's gills), thus releasing carbon dioxide. During the process. water flows through the gills in one direction, allowing for more efficient gas exchange.
Organism Physiology Paper Marlon Guzman Bio/101 April 29, 2015 Lena Walker Organism Physiology Paper Many organisms today have evolved physiologically to become more suited to their environments. Out of the many different animal species I chose one in particular that had more than several adaptations. The animal I am referring to is the elephant. Through evolution the enormous mammal has developed the current body parts of today.
The digestive system is located around the stomach area. Along with the digestive system, many other organ systems all work together to create an organism. An example of this would be if a person eats a sandwich and then goes for a run. During the run, the circulatory system helps the body breathe, the muscle system helps the bones move, and all the while the digestive system digests the food. Later on, the excretory system gets rid of the waste, or food that the body can’t use for nourishment.