Distal Biceps Brachii: A Case Study

Diagnosis of plantar fasciitis is based upon the patient’s history and on results of the physical examination typically present with inferior heel pain on weight bearing and pain often continue for months to years [5].The patient usually has tenderness around the medial calcaneal ligaments at the plantar aponeurosis[4] .Some risk factors of plantar fasciitis include faulty mechanics of the foot due to structural abnormalities, age-related degenerative changes, overweight and occupations involving standing for a long time such as falling into this category include teachers, construction workers, cooks, nurses, military personnel and athletes training for long distance running events[6] .Many treatment options exist, including stretching and strengthening, shoes modification, arch supports and orthotics such as night splints, anti inflammatory agents and surgery [7,8] .

The collateral ligaments, found in the ankle, consist of three main bands on the lateral and nedial aspect. There are a number of bands that accompany the collateral ligaments. The lateral collateral ligaments are comprised of the anterior talofibular ligament (ATL), the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) and the posterior talofibular ligament. The supplementary bands that are related with the lateral compound are the lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL), and the posterior intermalleolar ligament. The medial collateral ligament, also referred to as the deltoid ligament, is divided into a superficial, and deep compartment. The main bands found medially consist of the tibiospring ligament (TSL), the tibionavicular

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are a group of neurotransmitters called catecholamines. Catecholamines are synthesized from tyrosine, an amino acid (1). Structurally, “they all have an amino group (—NH2—NH2) and a catechol ring composed of six carbons and two adjacent hydroxyl (—OH—OH) groups” (1). These catecholamines, “may cause either excitation or inhibition, depending on the type of metabotropic receptor at the synapse” (1). Norepinephrine is produced in the adrenal glands and “plays roles in arousal (awakening from deep sleep), dreaming, and regulating mood. A smaller number of neurons in the brain use epinephrine as a neurotransmitter” (1). Dopamine is responsible for our emotional responses, pleasure

Sirenia is a small order consisting of two major families namely Dugongidae and Trichechidea. The family Trichechidea has three species namely : West Indian Manatees (Trichechus Manatees) , African Manatees ( Trichecus senegalensis ) , Amazonian manatees (Trichechus inunguis). There is stand out surviving part of family Dugongidae, dugongs (Dugong dugon). They are large aquatic mammals with tapering to paddle like dorsoventrally flattened bilobed tails .The order Sirenia is based on sirens i.e " seanymphs " and " sea cows " and it is a school of thought that mermaid meets have originated from these animal .My assignment will focus on the systematics,the various systems and their role in ecosystem.

The palatine bone articulates with the maxilla, the sphenoid bone, the ethmoid bone, the vomer, the inferior concha, and the opposite palatine bone, As shown in figure (1.1) (Liebgott, 2011).

This freedom results from the laxity of its joint capsule and the large size of the humeral head compared with the small size of glenoid cavity. The joint permits movement around three axes and allow flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, medial and lateral of the humerus and circumduction. Lateral rotation of humerus increases the range of abduction. When the arm is abducted without rotation, available articular surface is exhausted and the greater tubercle contacts the coracoacromial arch, preventing further abduction. If the arm is then laterally rotated 180 degrees the tubercles are rotated posteriorly and more articular surface becomes available to continue elevation. Circumduction at the joint is an orderly sequence of flexion, abduction, extension and

By the time a human reaches adulthood, the skeletal system is made up of 206 bones. It also includes all the tendons, cartilages and the networks of ligaments that help to connect them. This system plays a major role in many body functions like movement, protection, support and stability, blood cell production and calcium storage – that enable us to live.

but proceed to the wrist part. This occurs due to a missing link in the kinetic

*The pelvic girdle is a duplex structure like pectoral girdle which is made up of three cartilage bones in each half which are known as ossa innominata. *Each os innominatum is formed by three bones *These cartilage bones are – ilium, ischium and pubic. *Dermal bones are lacking in pelvic girdle. *The pelvic girdle has a depression (concavity) at the junction of the three bones which is known as acetabulum, into which the head of femur of the hind limb articulates.

According Caminiti, the posterior (back) portion of the corpus callosum is called the splenium; the anterior (front) is called the genu (or "knee"); between the two is the truncus, or "body", of the corpus callosum. The part between the body and the splenium is often markedly narrowed and thus referred to as the "isthmus". The rostrum is the part of the corpus callosum that projects posteriorly and inferiorly from the anteriormost genu, as can be seen on the sagittal image of the brain displayed on the right. The rostrum is so named for its resemblance to a bird's

B) Endoskeleton – i) Skull – *The skull is heavy and strong without temporal opening (anapsid condition). * All the skull bones except the lower jaw and the hyoid bone are immovably united together. *The alisphenoid, presphenoid and orbitosphenoid bones are

Two short processes arise from the sides of the vertebral body which connect the lamina to the vertebral body.

Study of the lacrimal system is a synthesis of two disciplines, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology, which work closely together in the treatment of nasolacrimal disorders. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the lacrimal system will help the surgeon to reach correct diagnosis, facilitate the chance of a successful surgical outcome and makes the surgeon confident of his skills. The lacrimal drainage system anatomy can be discussed under following components:

Finally, the eye is removed from the socket by means of protruding a finger through the gills and loosening the muscles around the eye and it is pushed out from the socket. From the outside the eye is gently pulled away from the head to detach it completely from the

Role of thoracic ultrasound in diagnosis of pulmonary and pleural diseases in critically ill patients