Doppler Ultrasound Lab Report

SEMINAR REPORT
OF
PRENATEL DIAGNOSIS: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Date: Centre for Human Genetics School of Health Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
In the course of present work it has been my privilege to receive help and assistance from many quarters. I take great pleasure in acknowledging here, my debt to them.
I am deeply indebted to my Guide Dr. Preeti Khetarpal who has given me this topic for seminar and whose inspiration and invaluable guidance has been unfailingly available to me at all the stages of my seminar “PRENATEL DIAGNOSIS:TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS”. Dr. Preeti Khetarpal

It is a special ultrasound technique that evaluates blood flow through a blood vessel, including the body’s major arteries and veins in the abdomen, arm, leg, neck and head. There are three types of Doppler ultrasound i.e. color Doppler, power Doppler and spectral Doppler.
• Color Doppler uses a computer to convert Doppler measurements into an array of colors to show the direction and speed of blood flow through a blood vessels.
• Power Doppler is a sensitive technique then the color technique and it shows more detail about blood flow. It does not helps the radiologists to determine the direction of blood flow which may be important in some situations.
• Spectral Doppler shows graphically measurements of blood flow. It can also convert the blood flow information into distinctive sound that can be heard with every

The most common method in chromosomal analysis is karyotyping analysis.
Karyotyping analysis: Preparation and analysis of chromosomes from cultured amniotic fluid cells or cultured amniotic chorionic villi require at least 2 weeks. The procedure for the karyotyping analysis form aminocenetsis fluid will be take amniotic fluid cells and culture this with media and then harvested them and make slides and then karyotype these slides. The chromosome analysis after ultrasonography is associated with chromosome abnormalities, karyotyping of either amniotic fluid cells or fetal blood cells obtained by cordocenetsis may be performed after ultrasonographic detection of an abnormality. The mostly chromosome abnormalities have been found because of cystic hygroma, limb abnormalities, omphalocele, duodenal stenosis, hydrocephalus and malformations of the face. (thompson, 1986)
3.2.Biochemical Assays for Metabolic Diseases:
More than 100 metabolic disorders can be diagnosed prenatally in chorionic villus tissue or cultured amniotic fluid cells, and a few rare conditions can even be identified directly by assay of a substances in amniotic fluid. The metabolic disorders diagnosed by enzyme assay in chorionic villi or cultured amniotic fluid