Ecological Theory Of Autism

Furthermore, not until in 1943, when Leo Kanner published his paper ‘Autistic Disturbance of Affective Contact’ were people identified and recognised with a similar definition of what we consider autism to be today [2]. However, for many years Autism Spectrum Disorder was included under the umbrella term of schizophrenia and beforehand they were classified as simply having mental retardation [3]. Consequently, throughout

Introduction: "How many of you have spoke your first word before kindergarten?" "Or did you learn how to read and write at an early age?" Some children have a hard time communicating to express their needs. Others might have trouble with certain skills such as daily living skills ranging from doing laundry and cleaning the house to dressing themselves. Most children are struggling academically in several subjects such as writing, mathematics, reading, art, and so on. Also, some children are very sensitive to certain things around them such as enormous crowds and lights

New data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention concludes that with a 30 percent increase in the past two years, 1 in 68 U.S. children have been diagnosed with ASD concluding that early intervention can greatly improve a child’s long-term development and social behaviors (Autism 2014). There are several factors that may contribute to the rising prevalence rate of ASD. Like other disabilities, the occurrence rate of ASD for boys is five times higher than it is for girls. There could be several reasons for this disparity (Hallahan, Kauffman, Pullen, 2015, pp. 211). An article in Times Magazine entitled “Why Girls May be Protected Against Autism” explores why this may be the case. There may be genetic factors that increase the risk among boys or maybe there are factors that protect girls against being as susceptible to developing ASD. Maia Sxalavitz discussed how a research team analyzed data collected from twins. The team theorized that if there were something protecting girls from ASD, the girls who did develop ASD would “have to be faced with a heavier burden of whatever genetic or environmental risk factors cause ASD in order to actually develop it” (Szalavitz, 2013). Researchers also conclude that perhaps genetic factors involve hormones oxytocin and vasopressin. They believe that “girls have less vasopressin and higher natural oxytocin…a social hormone” (Szalavitz, 2013). Hallahan,

Even though there are positive or advantages of having an autism spectrum disorder or ASD, there are still some disadvantages of having it. People on the autistic spectrum face many issues, from the continuous challenge of trying to be comfortable with others, to the irritation that they are not able to express how they feel, to the devastating anxiety because they cannot make sense of what is happening around them. As stated in the site of Weebly (2016), some of the disadvantages of

can help children with ASD to learn about the appropriate responses and reactions to situations,and

For the purpose of this paper, the child observed will be called “Red”. Red is a three-year-old male toddler with no reported history of serious illness. At his last exam, Red was found to be in the 95 percentile in weight and height amongst his peers. His mother reported that Red developed normally throughout infancy, although he struggled to eat solid foods. The mother also stated that Red had recently been admitted to a developmental school as the Arizona Behavioral Center had diagnosed him as a high functioning autistic child. He was experiencing extreme fits of rage and anger during times of disruption in his daily routine. The mother claimed that he would “become crazy” if his toys were moved or out of the order he had placed them

Autism is the struggle to develop social abilities, languages, and other communication skills that are usual to others. In my eyes, I

The symptoms of autistic disorder (often referred to as autism) includes a failure to develop a normal social relation with other people, impaired development of communicative ability, and the presence of repetitive stereotype behavior (Carlson 2013). The neurodevelopmental disorder that I select is autism. Many parents around the world are suffering and struggling with their kids. Most of those kids are nonverbal, and unable to communicate. Many Parents find it difficult to help control their kids’ tantrums. The kids have difficulty eating, sleeping, interacting with peers. It hard to say that Autism is for life I can’t imagine having a child with autism. Working with Autism and learning so much about it is gift. Autism is a disorder that produce repetitive behavior in a child and affects ability to socialize with others, and decreases their ability to communicate. Maino, Viola, & Donati, 2009). Stated that, Autism is a

Autism Speaks Inc (2012) state the core features of ASD are areas in which difficulties can lead to feelings of frustration, confusion, anxiety or lack of control, this could result in a behavioural response. Moreover, since behaviour is often a form of communication, many individuals voice their wants, needs or concerns through behaviours, rather than words. Therefore, we need to understand what motivates children with ASD to have negative behaviours, also what we can do as parent/carers/practitioners to help to motivate them in replacing the negative with a positive appropriate behaviour.

Sometimes Autism can go unnoticed in our daily lives, but knowing the signs can help us to identify someone with Autism and be more understanding if they don’t look us in the eye when talking or if they do the same thing over and over again. Knowing the causes of Autism gives each of us the opportunity to step in and take the precautions that decrease the chances of Autism occurring. The biggest thing you can do to assist someone with Autism as far as treatment is to help them cope with the changes around them and understand that nothing can hold them back but themselves.

The result of Rogers’ research (Rogers, 1996) found that ASD children were benefited in various comprehensive treatment programmes. The findings showed that all the programmes provided the following benefits for young children with

Regarding the issue of Autism, there are families throughout the world that have members of their family affected by this disability. The early behavioral treatment for the affected one involves the entire family working together with a team of professionals. The U.S Department of Health have made big changes to help Americans with Autism. The Autism Cares Act of 2014 was a bill that reauthorized research and educational activities related to Autism. There are also Autism insurance reform laws that have been enacted in 46 out of the 50 states, which makes insurance companies have plans that can cover autism treatments. Autism services cost U.S. citizens $236-262 billion annually (Facts and Statistics). Autism is a developmental disability that typically appear during childhood and can affect the person’s ability to communicate and can affect their interaction with others. The new rate that is diagnosed for Autism in children is 1 in 68, an increase of more than 100% in one decade (10 Years of Progress). Autism is one of the fastest growing disabilities in the world. The autism disability has been diagnosed to children, teens, and adults all around the world, there is not a specific location that is unaffected by it. Around the 1940s, the researcher Leo Kanner used the word “autism” to describe the behavior of the children he studied (Bhargava).

There are many common diseases that modify the functions of the human body. Neurological diseases, for example, could affect anyone at any time. The worst kinds of neurological diseases are those which can affect the functions of the human brain. A well-known example is autism, and it has become a widespread disease among children. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1 of every 68 children in the U.S would have autism spectrum disorder; moreover, the study shows that 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls would have autism spectrum disorder (1). Autism is a disorder in the nerves that makes the human brain socially inactive, and in order to understand it, several main aspects must be considered.

These disorders cannot fit to the diagnosis of intellectual disability, or global developmental delay only (DSM-5, pp. 50-51).

The researchers aim to improve the skills of Bong – bong in areas that is needed for his age. With the use of the developmental milestones, the researchers create an observation list and another table with three symbols in order to see the accomplishments that Bong – bong can excel and lack at. In this chapter it includes the methods, sampling, instrumentation, procedures and the process for the researchers to conduct this study.