DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF ZERO AND FIRST ORDER SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF IN EMPAGLIFLOZIN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM N.PADMAJA2, G.VEERABHADRAM1 *
Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Osmaina University, Hyderabad, India.
Faculty of Pharmacy, University College of Technology, Osmaina University, Hyderabad, India.
Corresponding Author Email: gvbhadram@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Objective: Two simple accurate and precise, linear zero and first order Spectrophotometry methods were developed and validated for the estimation of Empagliflozin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
Methods: The estimation of Empagliflozin was carried out by using the zero order and first order derivative values and measured at 275 nm and 282 nm correspondingly. The estimation of the Empagliflozin was carried out by regression equations with the standard solution, sample solution.
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Precision i.e. intra-day relative standard deviation and inter-day relative standard deviation values was found be < 2.0%, accuracy was considered to be 98.89-101.32% .The LOD and LOQ value was found to be 0.1217μg/ml and 0.3690μg/ml for zero order derivative and 0.7526 μg/ml and 2.2807 μg/ml for the first order derivative correspondingly .No obstacle was observed from common pharmaceutical adjutants.
Conclusion: The method developed and validated can be utilized in its regular analysis Empagliflozin in quality control division.
Keywords: Empagliflozin, SGLT-2 inhibitor, Zero order spectra, first order spectra, UV-Spectro photometer.
Dr. Colleen Winters – BIO 655 Vishall G. Kaistha TITLE: “Recombination-Directed DNA Repair Promote Homologous Stimulating Transcription of Genes That That Preserves Genomic Integrity by MEN1 Is a Melanoma Tumor Suppressor”.
The goal of this experiment was to isolate three different molecules (acidic, basic, and neutral) from a mixture and identify their molecular structure. This was accomplished by using acid/base liquid extraction and H NMR analysis. The neutral component of the unknown mixture #191 was fluorenone. This was evident due to an H NMR spectra that had a high presence of hydrogen signals in the 7.2- 7.7 ppm range. Chemical shift values for fluorenone stated in the lab manual were 7.27, 7.47, 7.48, and 7.6 (CITE), indicating that the corresponding H NMR spectra for the neutral unknown is of this chemical.
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
Therefore, liquid-liquid and acid-base extraction techniques were successfully performed to separate the components of the Excedrin tablet. According to the TLC analysis results, the compounds (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) were successfully isolated from the analgesic (Excedrin tablet). In figure 1, the separation of the compound in the TLC analysis correlates with the TLC analysis in figure 2. Furthermore, Rf index calculations of the TLC analysis demonstrated that the compounds (aspirin, acetaminophen, and caffeine) were separated. The Rf calculations of aspirin in table 1 shows an Rf value of .491; however, in table 2 the Rf value of aspirin was calculated to be .784.
The difference in this chemical and physical properties will aid in their separation. Processes like solubility, gravitational filtration and recrystallization will be used to separate the substances present in Panacetin. The melting and boiling point of the substances will help in concluding on which of these compounds will be presented at the end of experiment. Procedure and observation The Panacetin content was weighed approximately 3.0493g and transferred to the Erlenmeyer flask; 75ml of dichloromethane (CH¬2CL2) was added to the content. The dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) dissolved the sucrose, leaving the active unknown agent and aspirin behind.
Transformation in bacteria usually takes place when a bacterial cell accepts strange DNA and integrates to its own DNA. The transformation normally takes place within plasmids, which are tiny circular DNA molecules that have been separate from its own chromosome. The copies of the same plasmid range from 10 to 200 copies within a cell. These copies of plasmids may multiply when the chromosome replicate or multiply independently. One plasmid has a range of 1,000 to 200,000 base pairs.
Unknown Lab Report Unknown # 25 By: Jenna Riordan March 19, 2018 Bio 2843 1. Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms found in all different environments throughout Earth, from the hot thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean to the ice at the top of a mountain.
The mobile phase used was a mixture of ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 400:600. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was maintained, and the detection wavelength was 292 nm (22). The required studies were carried out to estimate the precision and accuracy of the HPLC method and were found to be within limits [percent coefficient of variation was less than 15%]. Sample preparation briefly involved 0.4 μ membrane filter through which the sample was filtered, diluted with mobile phase, and 10 μL was spiked into
The only part that was irrelevant was the appearance of the drug. All but one drug looked like white powder. Even white medicines are dyes to look white (“Toxins in Vitamins and Medicine”). The appearance of the drug therefore does not help us identify what drug the Unknown drugs are. Our conclusion is irrefutable because Unknown A was the same as Excedrin in every category we tested and the same goes for Unknown B and bufferin.
Elijah Brycth B. Jarlos IX-Argon 1. Multicellularity is a condition of an organism to have multicellular cells. An example of a organism who has multicellular cells are plants, animals, and humans. The main reason of why scientists have a hard time finding a good set of existing organisms to compare. Is neither the first set of organisms which is being compared is dying as fast as the second specimen is being examined or they just can’t find the right species.
In our experiment, we examined the behavior of isopods by conducting the experiment based on our hypothesis: “If ten isopods are put into the test chamber, 5 in sand and 5 in soil, which environment will the pillbug prefer.” We hypothesized that the isopods would favor the soil more than the sand because pillbugs are typically found in soil and not in sand. Pillbugs are favored in soil because the natural role of a pillbug is to eat dead and decaying things but, in sand there are no nutrients available for pillbugs. Pill bugs are mostly found in moist environments, due to having gills, gills only function when they are wet so pill bugs will inhabit places in which air holds a lot of water
The purpose of this experiment was to learn about metal hydride reduction reactions. Therefore, the sodium borohydride reduction of the ketone, 9-fluorenone was performed to yield the secondary alcohol, 9-fluorenol. Reduction of an organic molecule usually corresponds to decreasing its oxygen content or increasing its hydrogen content. In order to achieve such a chemical change, sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is used as a reducing agent. There are other metal hydrides used in the reduction of carbonyl groups such as lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4).
The results were an indicative for expected IR spectrum of pure phenacetin. The IR spectrum showed peaks at (3281.67 cm-1) which indicate the presence of the N=H stretch, (3131.40 cm-1 and 3073.97 cm-1) representing the Sp2 C-H stretches, (2982.26 cm-1, 2927.60 cm-1 and 2885.53 cm-1) expressing the Sp3 C-H stretches, also (1656.82 cm-1) indicating the C =O amide stretch, and finally a wavelength at (1603.51 cm-1) representing the aromatic C =C stretch of the phenacetin molecule, respectively. Such IR spectrum results from phenacetin in comparison with an acetaminophen IR spectrum clearly showed the elimination of the hydroxide (OH) bond present at the acetaminophen molecular structure, which resulted in the IR spectrum not indicating the presence of a strong and broad (alcohol-phenol) band at about 3500 cm-1
Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining.
Decomposition of Aspirin Studied with UV/Visible Absorption Spectroscopy Aims: To determine the concentration of salicylic acid, formed from the hydrolysis of Aspirin, at regular intervals using the UV/Visible Absorption Spectroscopy From the concentration of salicylic acid, concentration of Aspirin to be determined using an equation Calculate the rate constant of this reaction and its order from a plot of graph of ln(aspirin) vs time Discuss the overall flaws and improvements to the experiment Results: As per schedule1, 0.212g of aspirin was added to 50 ml boiling water to form salicylic acid in a 100 ml flask, of which 1 ml was then pipetted to a 50 ml volumetric flask at the 5th min. Following an ice bath, the solution was mixed