Essay On Attachment Theory

Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed: Trust vs. Mistrust (infancy): The basic and fundamental psychological task is for infants to develop a sense that their needs will be met by the outside world. Is their caregiver responsive, reliable, and willing to meet their needs? That basic trust is facilitated by a responsive caregiver once an infant gets hungry, injured, or needs to be changed.

Another key feature of Attachment Theory are internal working models. These working models are created patterns of attachment, usually formed during childhood development, that affect relational attachments in adulthood. These models represent feelings about oneself and others, which contribute to their behavior in their relationships with others. A person’s internal models are usually subconscious, but can change with a cumulative experience, either positive or

Overall, this article’s purpose was to address the proposal of attachment theory as a (transactional) theory of change for foster children. Tucker and MacKenzie did this by presenting seven hypotheses – the first three presented focus on placement change and how it affects risk of exit from foster care, while the last four focus on how change affects the rates of placement change, while not focusing on child characteristics. The overarching theme within this journal was how attachment theory played a role within the effects children within foster care were experiencing change. Attachment theory and the change processes in foster presented new information regarding to age and how age affects foster children’s risk. This study proposed the risks of exit and change affecting foster children depends on the age of the children.

Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Additionally, Bowlby revolutionized society’s perception of the mother-child relationship and its’ disruption through separation, deprivation, and bereavement (Bowlby, 1969/1982). Bowlby (1969) suggested that the caretaker’s sensitivity in responding to an infant’s distress signals play a significant role in the development of attachment patterns. The literature review portion of the present thesis will highlight foundational components of attachment, developmental outcomes for attachment classifications, and furthermore will examine the effect of multiple caregivers on attachment development in infants and

“Social Isolation is when someone lacks contact with society which affects all aspects of a person’s life” as Kim Blakeley. The effects social isolation can have on kids have impacts that last a lifetime. Social Isolation and Emotional Isolation is affected when kids are isolated and have no communication with the outside world at a young age, and that can dramatically impact their development, and social life. Childhood neglect and this isolation causes developmental problems with language, Social cues, Emotions and the child’s self-image. Depending on how severe the isolation is, kid’s miss milestones like learning how to walk and talk, or simple things like knowing how to eat properly, and acceptable behavior, that kids who grow up in a healthy environment would know that help them function in our society.

He saw the need for an attachment between child and caregiver as a basic biological need. Like Freud he believed that the fundamental part of a child’s identity is established in a child’s early development, therefore any trauma or failure of this attachment could have a long lasting effect into later life as an adult. The assumption here is that the absence of attachment in childhood between Sarah and her parents, could be a reason why there are issues in her own relationship with her daughter. The attachment theory presents that the cause of Hannah’s difficulties might be due to the fact that Sarah never had a secure attachment figure in her childhood, so therefore doesn’t know how to be one in Hannah’s life. Coincidently, neither Sarah nor Hannah have had a secure relationship with their fathers.

He’ll find another wife who can give him proper children.” (Wyndham, 71). This displays the intolerance humans have against people with deviations. Babies with a deviation are not considered a norm, therefore they are abandoned or killed at birth. Sometimes the

Bowlby 's Attachment Theory Bowlby characterized connection as an "enduring mental connectedness between individuals." His ethological hypothesis of connection recommends that babies have an inborn need to frame a connection bond with a guardian. This is a developed reaction that expands a tyke 's odds of survival. Infants are conceived with various practices, for example, crying and cooing, and parental figures are organically modified to react to these signs and take care of the kid 's needs. While moms are frequently connected with this part as essential parental figures and connection figures, Bowlby believed that babies could frame such bonds with others.

The preventative measures to inhibit a child’s imagination are also overdramatic. For instance, “To truly protect your children, you must go to great lengths to completely eliminate their curiosity, crush their spirit of amazement, and eradicate their childlike glee” (para. 11) overemphasizes the idea of parents who raise their child too strictly and expect their child to behave like an

One of the most important factors that affect a child 's development is the relationship and attachment of the child with their primary caregiver. John Bowlby studied the development of the child; he was interested in how childhood relationships affected kids as they grew older and became adults. He was also concerned with the relationship of the child and primary caregiver and how they interacted, and the effect this had on later life. Bowlby 's theory established that children’s earliest relationships shaped their later development and characterized their human life, "from the cradle to the grave"(Bowlby, 1998). The attachment style that an infant develops with their parent later reflects on their overall person.

The role of self-identity for an individual is the acknowledgement of their characteristics that make them who they are (Oxford University Press, 2015). This essay will look at whether developmental or social influences have a greater effect on self-identity, including some key theories. In terms of development, Bowlby introduced the Attachment theory in 1969 with the help of Ainsworth in 1973 looking at attachment styles in children, which later on went to explain the effect of attachment on self-identity. In terms of social influences, the Social Identity Theory developed by Tajifel and Turner in 1979 explains self-identity in terms of groups we are involved in and how that can affect self-identity. Developmentally, self-identity can be described by self-awareness: Public self which is the way individuals believe others see them and private self, the way individuals are aware of their own characteristics (Cherry, 2016).

Both Robert Karen’s Becoming Attached and Robert LeVine and Karin Norman’s The Infant 's Acquisition of Culture: Early Attachment Re-Examined in Anthropological Perspective delve into the complicated relation between toddlers and their caregivers, and just how uncertain it is whether or not a certain form attachment is truly the best for children. Toddlerhood is centered on the sudden recognition of autonomy as well as exploring their world with the help of their caregiver. Thus this goes into the idea of attachment, and the various forms that come along with it. Robert Karen explores these attachment relationships using the results of experiments such as the Strange Situation done by Mary Ainsworth and Harry Harlow’s research with monkeys. In LeVine and Norman’s article, they break down the assumptions that Karen makes off of American studies and instead investigate the analyses made by Klaus and Karin Grossmann, who study a group of German children using the same model with the Strange Situation.