Bioprosthetic valves used in heart valve replacement generally offer functional properties that are more similar to those of native valves. Implantation of prosthetic cardiac valves to treat hemodynamically significant aortic or mitral valve disease has become increasingly common. Replacement of diseased valves with prosthetic heart valves reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with native valvular disease, but it comes at the expense of risking complications related to the implanted prosthetic device. Blood flowing in and out of the heart must pass through the heart valves. The valves allow the blood to flow through the valves, but prevent the occurrence of backflow. Prosthetic heart valves can be mechanical or biological. Mechanical heart valves are composed of metals such as stainless steel, titanium or ceramic material. Biological heart valves are taken from human donor or animal tissue. Prosthetic heart …show more content…
A catheter is inserted into the vein in the arm, leg or chest and threaded through the vain until it reaches a larger vein near the heart. Venous catheters are used to give long-term medicine or large amounts of blood or fluid to the patients. Most catheters are composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon), polyurethane, polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride. Teflon catheters have been associated with fewer infectious complications than the other materials used. Catheters are usually coated with an antimicrobial or antiseptic agent such as chlorhexidine or rifampin. This is to prevent adhesion of biological molecules and reduce the risk of infection and other complications such as thrombosis. Despite this, venous catheters may cause endothelial inflammation or damage, ultimately leading to thrombosis. A thrombosis formation leads to the obstruction of the catheter tip but usually does not occlude the vein or artery in which the catheter is
Right chambers dimensions and right ventricular function were normal (TAPSE of 20 mm Hg), a calcific trileaflet aortic valve with normal leaflet excursion was observed, with normal gradients and no regurgitation. Mitral valve was normal, without regurgitation, and tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve were also normal. There was absence of pericadial effusion and both septae were
I am comparing and contrasting a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, tunneled catheter and an implanted port. A PICC line is inserted into a vein in the arm rather than into the neck or chest. It is usually inserted inside of the upper arm then threaded into the larger vein in your chest. A PICC allows medications to be given that would otherwise cause damage if given in the smaller veins.
Peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) is the invasive procedure that most commonly practised clinical procedure. There are over half of patients admitted to the hospital required peripheral intravascular cannula (PIVC) inserted. However, there is no data reported on the use of PIVC in Malaysia. The surveillance of the estimated used of PIVC in developing countries such as Malaysia is still under evaluated due to lack of resources and trained staff. Since, PIVC required penetration of a catheter into the bloodstream, risk of catheter blood stream infection is existed.
To clarify, when reusing dirty needles it is very dangerous because infected patients can leave behind miniscule traces of infected tissue which then can be injected
Central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) in 2009 were amongst 23,000 infections in the inpatient population of US hospitals. (Sweet, Cumpston, Briggs, Craig, & Hamadani, 2012) These infections increase morbidity of patients, mortality, and increase cost. Those that are at risk are the population with central venous catheters. This infection is commonly due to improper hub care and consequently provides the direct introduction of the bacteria into the blood stream. A fairly new intervention to prevent this morbid infection is the implementation of alcohol impregnated protective caps, otherwise known as the brand name Curos caps in addition to others.
It gives an access to a much larger vein than a regular IV catheter do, it also remains in place for long periods of time (weeks to months) than regular IV catheters, that’s why the central line is much more likely to cause serious infection especially in patients admitted to intensive care
But wait there 's one more, the Cosmetic prostheses do not improve function, but are used to improve a person 's appearance after the loss of a body part. These include ocular prostheses -- artificial eyes -- and silicone hands, fingers, feet and toes. People with prosthetic legs can often climb stairs, walk, swim, and run as if h they were using natural limbs, while prosthetic arms and hands have advanced to the point where they give the individual control of all five fingers. If this is what scientists and doctors have accomplished in the past 50 years, it is difficult to imagine how much technology will improve within the
You have heard about the amazing affect prosthetics have had on all different kinds of people! Advancements in prosthetics are being made currently and will continue for years to come. A world without prosthetics is unimaginable for so many people. They give hope to amputees, disease survivors, people who have been paralyzed, and so many others. Can you even believe how important prosthetics are for this many people?
The surgeon leaves and has a conversation with a medical engineer and it is revealed that in reality the surgeon tried to keep the senate human yet he is a robot. It is also revealed that he is a segregationist. Superficially the surgeon wants the senate to have a non-metallic heart because he is a sceptic and he does not like the ideal of human beings becoming more robotic or robots becoming more human through organ or
The nurse told me to look away and slowly pushed the IV into my arm. I was thinking that with the pain I felt in my leg the needle going in was just a pinch. The Emergency Room Doctor ordered morphine to stop the pain. It took a while, but the pain started to go away. Either that or I was feeling good enough not to
Despite the fact that this is the situation, needle therapy has been utilized to help treat asthma, astigmatism, diabetes, endless obstructive aspiratory illness, hypertension, stroke and
Vena cava filters are small mechanical devices that are positioned in the vena cava with the sole purpose of preventing large blood clots from travelling from the legs to the pulmonary arteries. Clots reaching the arteries of the lungs may cause pulmonary embolism, which is a life-threatening condition. Aneurysms of the aorta as well as dissections may be treated with the use of endoluminal stent grafts. This requires the placement of a reinforcing tube within the affected parts of the
Even though these bypass graft had shown a good performance but they can be occluded and fail to provide a suitable channel for blood to flow. Therefore, understanding mechanical behavior of these materials can give us important insight into their behavior. Some studies have investigated the mechanical properties of SSV and ITA. Compliance and elastic properties of the saphenous vein was investigated by Walden et al [14]. Zamboni et all measured the compliance of the both great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein [15].
Oterhals and his colleagues used the qualitative approach to discuss life adaptations of the 20 participants with mechanical aortic valve surgery. Their study presented real life experiences, challenges, adaptations, modifications and accommodations taken by patients who have mechanical heart valve surgery in their own different ways. They found that these patients needed to continuous monitoring, and they emphasized the need to continuously teach and inform patients about their health situations, infection prevention, medication therapies, drug interactions, proper nutrition (diet), exercises, and scheduled routine physician follow up. They also observed the need for adjusting the mechanical valve sounds to lessen the fear and stigmatization
The artificial heart is not a new idea, however, modern science has advanced the human society so far, that it is only now that we can transform this idea into a reality with the patient having a greater chance of survival after the old heart is replaced with an artificial one. This artificial heart is meant as a temporary device between heart surgery and when it is impossible for a patient to undergo heart surgery, to serve as a permanent heart. Needless to say, this artificial heart is crucial to prolonging life, and will undoubtedly serve to impact the medical world far greater than any other previous discoveries. The idea of artificial hearts began with Julien Jean Cesar LeGallois, when he put forth the theory that humans could live longer