Biological Approach To Psychology Essay

Pharming What is pharming? The term "pharming" comes from a combination of the words "farming" and "pharmaceuticals." Gene pharming is a technology that scientists use to alter an animal's own DNA, In pharming, these genetically modified (transgenic) animals are used mostly to make human proteins that have medicinal value. The protein encoded by the transgene is secreted into the animal's milk, eggs, or blood, and then collected and purified. Livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, chickens, rabbits, and pigs have already been modified in this way to produce several useful proteins and drugs.

Genetic engineering enables the creation of animals, plants by changing the genes in a way that does not occur naturally in order to obtain desired traits. It has prone to concerns, and one of the main questions raised about GMO is the whether it is ethical to do so. In the following few pages, the essay

What would this generation do without cell phones is a question teenagers get a lot. But really, what would life be like without cell phones or any technology? In the article “DNA Fingerprinting: Cracking Our Genetic “Barcode” by Elanie N. Marieb, talks about how technology has evolved and helped with advancing DNA fingerprinting and identifying a person. In the next article “Can Technology Help Us Put an End to Animal Experimentation?” by George Dvorsky, talks about how technology advancements has come up with alternatives that can eliminate testing products on animals. Technology has become part of everyday life.

Introduction Animals testing have significantly contributed to the advancement of scientific knowledge in general and to biomedical progress specifically. Many example showing that laboratory animals in medical development and other aspects have significantly influenced human health and reduced suffering, for example improved diagnosis of infectious disease ( Hau, J., & Schapiro, S. J. 2002). But since 1960s and 1970s, animals testing protests has gained prominence and strength, people start to argue it is moral to continue “cruel” animal testing. Animal Testing is a moral act In the rest of this article, I shall apply different concept under utilitarianism try to discuss animal testing are moral acts.

In addition, scientists use the homologous structure as evidence for evolution by using structures with different appearances and functions that derived from the same body parts in a common ancestor. Furthermore, natural selection is evidence for evolution because for example, when Darwin collected birds they were a closely related group of distinct species, but the different beak shapes were related to food gathering. Artificial selection is another piece of evidence for evolution in which operates by favoring individuals with certain phenotypic traits allowing them to reproduce and pass their genes to the next generation. Overall many biologists accepted Darwin’s theories but there are some objections such as how evolution is not demonstrated, no fossil intermediates, the intelligent design argument, evolution violating the second law of thermodynamics, proteins are too improbable, the irreducible complexity argument, and how natural selection does not imply

He then address the current consensus for the debate of nature versus nurture; the idea that nature and nurture do not work separately mostly accepted and psychologists aim to focus on observing how nature and nurture work together (1). McLeod displays a fair amount of knowledge on nature versus nurture in his article “Nature Versus Nurture in Psychology.” He discusses what nature and nurture is in depth, important psychologist and theories, and recent ideas and theories pertaining to nature versus nurture; because of how in depth McLeod discusses the topic, he most likely did the research necessary for the article in order to apply the theories, propose his own ideas, and produce an informative

The purpose of Marcel Robischon’s paper is to aid teachers of several different biological disciplines with the use of real life examples of genetic drift to be able to teach this concept in a more connected way. He uses three examples of different rare colored animals that have disappeared in populations in hopes that real life examples will intrigue the mind further than a hypothetical scenario. The three animals being the blue tiger, black tapir and pied raven. Emphasizing the importance of genetic drift in teaching insinuates that there must be a general level of difficulty in the comprehension of this topic by students being introduced to it for the first time. Robischon stresses that the concept of genetic drift is often taught using

In this film it was showed, how a man cloned his DNA with various other animals and as a result he was successful in creating new animals having some extra ordinary features which is done by the process of cloning. So, if it will continue then people will someday become animals too. Yes, it has various advantages like it provides treatment against spinal injuries, heart diseases and other things also. But it is not that much worthy. Like a coin, cloning has its two sides.

His theories contribute several areas of psychology such as cognitive psychology, social psychology and developmental psychology. However his major influence the development of psychology and comparative psychology is originate from this theory of mental continuity of animals and human beings. Darwin’s theory of evolution speeded up animal studies in psychology. Before Darwin published his theories, there is no reason for scientist to study animals. Opposite to Darwin’s founding, there is clear distinction between animal and human being.

Darwin was always aware of the importance of artificial selection, but it was not until after Darwin began reading Malthus that he applied sexual selection to evolution During the year he formed this theory, Darwin read literature on animal breeders. From these animal breeders, Darwin developed some worthy concepts like the importance of diversity among organisms in a herd. Darwin added a key component to his theory on natural selection by studying the practice of artificial selection. This was important in advancing Darwin’s theory because it supplied him of part of the experimental proof that he needed to prove his theory of evolution by natural

Because, Jerry Coyne, covered this idea of evolutionary change earlier in the book, his focus is on the genetic drift and natural selection being the cause for evolution, during this chapter. Therefore, pileated woodpecker are an example of an animal with adaptations that are beneficial, like the reinforced skull, and a beak that is re-enforced by cartilage. Another, factor at work creating genetic variations are

Mandel studied the results of many hybrid plants trying to understand what caused certain characteristics of the offspring to be more dominant over other characteristics. He tested this many times observing the size of the seeds, to the color, to the stem length. Mandel did not fully understand what these “factors” really were, but that they were passed down from parent to offspring. It was later discovered that these “factors” were what we now know as genes. The whole scientific process that Gregor Mandel took allowed him to discover the connections between cross pollination and their offspring’s, and how the characteristics of the fertilized plants would change in the offspring.

Darwin starts his argument by stating how closely similar certain animals and humans are formed or how humans and these “lower animals” develop over time physically and mentally. Then states how similar humans and the “lower animals” are birthed. He also makes that point of how man and these other animals have a similar structure in bodily systems such as the digestive system. Darwin then makes the point how humans are not immune to the natural selection which he sees as evidence that humans have evolved just like other creatures. Darwin even goes into a personal experience of his encounter with the Fuegians a people group who were not cultured and lived like “barbarians in terms of civilizations of the day.

Why animal testing is necessary People would argue that animal testing is essential to find cures for illness. Animal testing has helped find, develop cures and treatments. Since in the past 100 years of testing it has resulted in many successes. Experimentation in dogs helped lead to the discovery of insulin, but the dog’s pancreas were removed as a result. Laboratory research on animals has helped researchers have a better understanding on treating illnesses such as breast cancer, brain injury, leukemia, malaria, and much more (ProCon.org).