Besides, the International Committee of the Red Cross is regarded as the “guardian” of the conventions and various other treaties that constitute international humanitarian law. It cannot act as either policeman or judge as the act only belongs to governments, the parties involved in the international treaties, who are required to prevent and end the violation of the International Humanitarian Law. It further provides that civilians under the enemy forces must be given treatment that is humanely in whatever situations they faced in order to serve justice and equality. These civilians must be protected at all times against all forms of violence and cruel treatment, such as killing or torturing. Moreover, in cases of prosecution, these people are entitled to a fair trial too. The protection of civilians extends to those who try to help them in various forms such as the medical units and humanitarian organisation allowed, which provides basic essentials and aids such as food, water, clothes and medical supplies. It also prohibits any forced displacements by menacing, ferocity or famine. The sad thing is that families are often parted in the armed conflict and therefore, it is important that states must take all proper and necessary steps to prevent such suffers from happening and which is one of the way is to …show more content…
While armed conflict and acts of terrorism are totally different structure of violence controlled by different law, they have come to be recognized as almost similar due to constant conflation in the public domain. The use of the term in the context of armed conflict causes confusion between the two vary bodies of law and may lead to a situation where non-state armed groups disregard the norms because of a perception that they have no reasons to comply with the
Furthermore, one must keep in mind the term “civilians”. While torture and abuse are in and of themselves truly unethical, it is made even more so by the fact that these actions were taken against civilians, who by rights had little to no actual influence upon the fighting itself, and could hardly have been found guilty of anything occuring there. This simply seeks to enforce how easily the process of dehumanization can cause people to perform heinous and cruel acts upon other, at times even innocent
Rules: With regard to international armed conflicts, the four Geneva Conventions (GC I to IV) and Additional Protocol I and II contain various provisions specifically dealing with both of Prisoners of War, Civilians protection to prevent any kind of violations that may happen toward them. The Forth Geneva convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War has set rules governing the issue of civilians who found themselves under enemy’s possession. Article 5 of the 4th GC has identified who are protected persons with putting conditions to be considered as protected with the privileges of having the statue of protected persons at article 27 of the same convention. Third Geneva Convention in particular has recognized group of rights with regarded to POWs such as the right to be humanely treated at article 13, correspondence at article 71, the right to gain a sufficient food in quantity and quality at article 26 and the right to not be subjected to torture and question at article 17 where every prisoner of war “when questioned on the subject, is bound to give only his surname, first names and rank, date of birth, and army, regimental, personal or serial number, or failing this, equivalent information” Moreover, the use of weapons and means that have indiscriminate effects such as poisonous gas and bombs which also would aggravate the suffering recognized as prohibited to use due to the amount of damage it causes upon civilians as well as the environment
Defining the concept of terrorism has lead to many debates that have yet to reach an agreed upon universal definition. Throughout the study of political science and psychology many scholars have pioneered definitions for this term, yet none have emerged as universal. The most commonly used definition of terrorism can simply be defined as, a vicious act of violence domestic or foreign. Bruce Hoffman defines terrorism as the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the attainment of political objectives. Hoffman like many other scholars studying terrorism asserts the act of violence is carried out in attempt to reach political agendas.
D). In Document A “study the problem of genocide and to prepare a report on the possibilities of declaring genocide an international crime.” Although this would have been a great action to protect civilians value during the Nazi crimes, which were inhumane. However, due to the “lack of adequate provisions and previous formulation of international law, the Nuremberg Tribunal had to dismiss the Nazi crimes,” (Doc. A). The international government have not payed attention to serious issues concerning their people.
International humanitarian law outlines acceptable methods of warfare, which are defined and constrained in the Geneva and Hague conventions. This contains provisions for the protection of combatants, non-combatants, civilians, prisoners of war and medical personnel in the battle
The world today is facing a crisis and there seems to be no resolution in sight. The war on terrorism has been going on for many, many years and it appears as if the leaders of the world are baffled as to stop it or if nothing else, control it. Many scholars have a difficult time attempting to define a good definition for the word terrorism. Many believe it is a difficult word to define because there are so many interruptions to the word. It will depend on what part of the country one is in, but for the universal approach to the definition many believe terrorism is “the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce esp for political purposes” (Dyson, 2012, p. 19).
In the UNSC’s article 51, individual and collective self-defense can be authorized by the UNSC under the framework of collective security. However, genocide is never justifiable in the eyes of the UN. Perhaps the most distinguishing feature between war and genocide is the disproportionally ability of those involved to fight back. Within war there is a certain level of understanding that those engaging in the conflict will have an ability to engage in battle. However, historically in genocides the effected groups have had little to no ability to proportionately fight against their attackers.
As this paper will discuss on domestic terrorism which includes acts against the U.S. that are dangerous to human life, violate federal or state criminal laws, have no actual connection to international terrorists, and appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population, influence domestic government policy through intimidation or coercion, or affect the conduct of our government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. (J. Keith Akins, 2006) I want to take you back to the beginning to the time this organization was founded in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee, and believe it or not this terror organization didn’t start off as such, it started off as a social group started by Confederate soldiers and to far after evolving into a terrorist group who based their organization on white power. The Ku Klux clan thought that if they employed violence, it would push back Reconstruction and its enfranchisement of African Americans. They focused their time on targeting African Americans more so than any other group, though they also targeted republicans.
Colombia is experiencing Human Rights Violations from guerilla groups, government forces, and paramilitary organizations. These violations mostly consist of massacres, torture and extortion that are not only inflicted upon civilians but also human rights defenders. This violence emerged from Colombia’s fortyfive year old internal conflict caused by the assassination of Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, a political leader. Today, guerillas continue to fight the parliament and state, but all parties are pronounced guilty for different sums of reported Human Rights Violations committed within their country. The issue is important because Columbia’s population has the world’s second largest internally displaced persons percentage and civilians live in such
Protect civilians in armed conflict, including through UN peacekeepers;3. End impunity through judicial action in national and international courts;4. Gather information and set up an early-warning system; and5. Take swift and decisive action, including military action.” (UN).
The article focuses on the security concerns and how to improve these security measures in the era of rising terrorism threats. The article tries to answer the research question, “What are the reasons for the increasing threats to western countries and how are western security agencies trying to deal with these increasing threats?” The article aims at answering the previous question by proving the main idea that, “The western security forces power and skills may not be sufficient to deal with the increasing terrorism threats” through multiple supports and reasons. The article provides three clear reasons for the increasing terrorism threats especially in western nations such as “unending civil war in Syria and the rise of Islamic State (IS)”, “…Commando style attacks…” and “…losing the technological edge.” It addresses issue of liberty vs. security such as de-radicalization seldom succeeds once the jihadists are back home, however, refusing people reentry into the country would go against international law.
However, comparing to other kinds of violence such as piracy and war crimes, history of terrorism is relatively short thus people's perception of terrorism still remains unclear. This author, Bard E. O’Neill, is a former Air Force officer and now an expert in Middle East issues, insurgency issues and
Aeberhard, P. (1996). A Historical Survey of Humanitarian Action. Health and Human Rights, 2(1), 30–44. http://doi.org/10.2307/4065234 Aeberhard’s focus in this article is to present the history of international humanitarian organization, such as Doctors Without Borders. Emphasis is placed on organizations role in international humanitarian law debates and how organizations act with respect to their mission and interpretation of international law.
On the legal grounds, the act of humanitarian intervention is still debatable, On the one hand, there was a responsibility to limit the use of force to self-defense according to the UN Charter. On the other hand, there was strong international pressure to abide by commitments to human rights and the right to life. This has constitute tensions in an international law system, Humanitarian intervention as the justifiable act to intervene while it is contrary to the principle of sovereignty and nonintervention in the UN system and international law. An evolving international norms related to human rights and the use of force.
Krieger and Meierrieks, 2009 and Krieger and Meierrieks, 2011), despite the fact that not a decay for each unmistakable year. One experiences both deficient delimitations of the idea of political terrorism and conflicting coding of the material once a definition has been settled on. In Iraq, in the focal US-information sources, assaults amid the common war have been considered terrorist assaults pretty much as assaults coming about because of ethnic tribal fighting. In the event that one takes out somewhat covering