James Chadwick's Nuclear Theory

the alpha particle. Ernest Rutherford tested the structure of an atom by bombarding a thin sheet of gold foil with alpha particles. Most of the alpha particles passed though the atom but some reflected or even bounced of the gold foil. Rutherford concluded that there was a positive group of particles in the centre of the atom he revised Dalton’s original model and said that atoms were made up of a positive nucleus of protons and that the electrons orbited this centre. He was unable to explain why the electrons orbited the nucleus and did not spiral inward as they lost

Stuart Wire Hellard Pre-Ap Honors Chemistry 11/29/2015 Otto Hahn Otto Hahn was a German chemist that lived from 1879-1968. He discovered many important things including nuclear fission. He won the Nobel Peace Prize once and was nominated for the award several times. He is referred to as the Father of Nuclear Chemistry. Otto was born in Frankfurt Germany on March 8, 1879 and he died on July 28, 1968.

What we have witnessed thus far is that speed kills. Brodie (1946) was perhaps just too eager to place this title on Nuclear Weapons, when it is possible that they are not the absolute representation of speed and

There are actually now seven elements in the noble gases. Because they have the newest element which is called ununoctium. These elements were considered to be inert gases until the 1960's, because their oxidation number of zero prevents the gases from forming compounds readily. All noble gases have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell making them

Before Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity had been developed, the scientific world relied on theories such as Isaacs Newton's laws of planetary motion. The main idea of this theory is that anything in motion had to have a source of propulsion and a medium to travel in. When scientist started to understand that light is also an energy and requires no medium to travel in, Newton’s laws started

Time is a mystery. There have been several theories about what is time Aristotle's, for example, that he believed that time is a relation. Isaac Newton believed that time and space existed and that time is absolute. However, none of both could really explain their theories, until Albert Einstein came around, he discovered a certain connection between time and space. The profound link between motion through space and the passage of time, according to Einstein, meant that time itself runs slower for a person in motion.

Isotopes are atoms that contain the same number of protons but have different numbers of neutrons (What is Isotope). These isotopes contain similar chemical properties but have different physical properties due to their atomic mass. Or in other words, isotopes have the same atomic number but differ in mass (What is an Isotope). “There are 90 naturally occurring elements with roughly 250 stable isotopes, and over 3200 unstable or radioactive isotopes” (Why are Isotopes Important). A stable isotope is an isotope that has a stable nucleus and does not give out radiation while an unstable isotope or also known as a radioactive isotope is an isotope that contains an unstable nucleus and gives out radiation (Isotope Stability).

This helped prove his theory of the proton’s existence because when the alpha radiation occurred it turned the old element into a new element by removing two protons. Lastly the article also mentions that, “In 1898, Ernest Rutherford began studying the radiation emitted by uranium. His experiments led him to conclude that radioactivity must have at least two components; and he named them alpha and beta rays after the first two letters of the Greek alphabet.” The research he conducted lead him to realized that beta rays were way more penetrating than alpha

In nuclear fusion, energy is released when atoms are combined or fused together to form a larger atom. The sun produces energy like this. But in nuclear fission, atoms are split into smaller atoms, releasing energy. Actually, nuclear power plants can only use nuclear fission to produce electricity. Nuclear generation is the only source of electricity that can produce large amounts of power known as base load power—reliably without emitting greenhouse gases.

At long distances, two nuclei repel each other due to the positive protons and the electrostatic force. However, if two nuclei were to be brought close enough the electrostatic repulsion can be overcome by the attractive force of the nuclear force, which becomes stronger at nearer distances. In the diagram below, the electrostatic force between the positively charged nuclei is repulsive, but when the separation is small enough, the attractive nuclear forces is stronger. As a result, the requirement for fusion reaction to occur is that the two nuclei are brought close together for enough time for the nuclear force to