Enhancing school-based prevention and youth development through coordinated social, emotional, and academic learning. American Psychologist, 58(6/7), 466-474. 17. Greenwald, D. W., Hedges, L. V., &Laine, R. D. (1996). The effect of school resources on student achievement.Review of Educational Research, 66(1), 361-396.
One important principle is that “ Development and learning proceed at varying rates from child to child, as well as at uneven rates across different areas of a child’s individual functioning” (NAEYC, 2009). As a teacher one should plan ahead for assessing students abilities and ranges of development. Then she should be ready too differentiate between students when they all accomplish tasks at different paces since no two children are the same. Teachers should also be aware that the same child will vary in their own development at different tasks. I’ve seen this in schools in way of differentiating, a method in which lessons are simplified or made more challenging based on the difficulty levels students can preform at.
One most important tip is for teachers should educate themselves and learn as much as they can about intellectual disabilities. There are some techniques and strategies that teachers can also use to support children educationally. First teachers must recognize that they can make a difference in student’ lives by finding out what their strengths and interests are, focus on them, and create opportunities for success. Teachers must also be concrete as possible by demonstrating what they mean rather than giving directions verbally and tasks that are longer in steps should be broken down into smaller steps and provide assistance when necessary. As it relates to student skills, teachers should teach life skills such as social skills and occupational awareness and exploration by involving students in group or club activities.
Sayeski, K. L., & Brown, M. R. (2014). Developing a classroom management plan using a tiered approach. Teaching Exceptional Children, 47(2), 119-127. In the article, Developing a Classroom Management Plan Using a Tiered Approach, Sayeski describes a classroom management plan by using the response-to intervention method. This method allows teachers to work with students who need extra help or attention in certain areas including behavioral.
Scaffolding is mean to give necessary support to enable learner to complete the task and develop understandings that they would not able to manage by their own. The term of scaffolding shows that the quality of cognitive support which adult(specially teacher) provided during child’s learning. And how it help to stimulate children’s internalisation of mental functions. The point of view here is that teacher through their sequencing of teaching activities and through the quality of their assistance and support, it is able to challenge and extend what children are able to do. It is after children participating the activities, the learning will occur and children able to internalise the new understanding.
Diversity, or multicultural education, should be a collaborative effort among educators, children, and families in order for students to learn about their own culture and those of people who are different from them. Preschool programs need to reflect, acknowledge, and celebrate diversity and their curriculums should utilize children’s funds of knowledge to help children connect their world with their learning environment. When teachers fail to understand the importance of acknowledging and celebrating diversity, it is up to the administrators to enlighten them about how children develop their self-identities by helping students to learn acceptance of themselves and others. Training sessions can be given demonstrating ways in which teachers can learn how to prompt children to express their thoughts and ideas about differences through planned conversations, pictures, questions, or books. And, teachers can be shown how to display items that show diverse cultures, languages, and traditions; males and females in nontraditional roles; or “differently-abled children and adults demonstrating strengths and abilities” (WGBH, 2014, par.
First of all, formative assessment allow student to gain opportunity on how to take responsibility for their own learning, as example, teachers designed classroom assessment for students, students have to develop an understanding on their own and address findings for the challenge they encounter, all these able to help students aware of their learning needs and interests. Teachers can help student in learning but at the end of the day, student is the one who need to do the learning. Student will have better performance in studies if they figured out their strengths and weaknesses on particular subject they need to work on. Besides that, evaluation such as teachers explain learning aims, give effective feedback and check their understanding after each formative assessment, these helps students in communicate clear and specific learning goals. By setting goal,
The teacher therefore has to come up with creative and innovative ways to teach children and to always actively involve the learners for learning to be maximized. She can do this by relating the content of this focus area to the child’s actual world and also by bringing concrete objects to touch and feel, or even pictures. The influence of Beginning knowledge on children: This kind of knowledge can only benefit children since it forms the basics of their entire schooling career. They start becoming critical thinkers by questioning things that happen around them, and acknowledging why things happen in a certain way. It also helps them realize what world they live in, how to interact in this world and how they as individuals fit in the world.
ESL teachers and practitioners in early childhood and should continuously observe students progress for the purpose of evaluating the teaching strategies and to develop students interests in learning English. A meaningful participation of teachers is required with appropriate teaching strategies will develop students’ interest in learning English (Chumak- Horbatsch, 2004; Tabors & Snow, 2001). Students who are learn English in the classroom will benefit when their first language is valued by the school and teachers. Teachers and early childhood practitioners face challenges in teaching students who come to school without any English language background and also when families do not share the same language. Likewise to fulfil a student’s interest in learning they need sufficient knowledge to create learning opportunities for students to learn the core language in the classroom to a level which they can understand.
A very important phrase in the Montessori philosophy is: “Teach me how to do it myself”. For educators this means that students should not only learn to work independently, but more importantly they should help students learn to think independently as well. In her observations Montessori noticed that young children in their drive to become independent use their different senses to