INTRODUCTION: DNA as well as Proteins are very essential macromolecules for any living cell. They are involved in various bio-molecular function, hence very essential for any living being. DNA protein interaction is one of the key biological function in a living cell. This type of interaction is happened during replication, transcription, translation, recombination, DNA repair, etc. DNA is a negatively charged macro molecule.
The pathogenic strains of E.coli comprise virulence genes which are acquired through horizontal genetic exchanges. Among a diversity of genetic elements, there are huge clusters of genes which are
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION: These lipase enzymes have a widespread biological activity in biological processes from usual metabolism of dietary triglycerides to signalling pathways and inflammatory mechanisms. Thus they are both intracellular and extracellular. 1. Lysosome cell organelle has
Molecular Biology tells us about Biology at molecular level. It discusses molecular techniques like cloning, PCR, blotting etc. It primarily concerns understanding how various cellular systems interact in terms of the way DNA, RNA and protein synthesis function. What is Genetics? Genetics is the study of genes, heredity and genetic variation in living beings.
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. All amino acids have the same basic structure but differ in their R-side chains. Each amino acid consists of an amino group (-NH3), a carboxyl group (-COOH) and a hydrogen atom (H). The amino and carboxyl groups are attached to a central alpha carbon together with a hydrogen atom and an R-side chain. There are currently known that over 170 amino acids occur in organisms but only 20 are commonly found in proteins.
The central dogma of modern biology is that DNA gets transcribed into a transportable compound that’s composed of mRNA. The mRNA then synthesizes a particular protein or group of small proteins. Genes made up of proteins, give a set of instructions for a function that a molecule needs to do in the cell. An epigenome is a compound that sits on DNA and controls your gene expression. The central dogma of modern biology is related to epigenetics because the environment can influence which genes are expressed and which are not or how much a gene is expressed.
For genomic DNA extraction protocol of the Deshmukh et al. (2007) will be used. This protocol is based on the SDS and suitable for species having higher amounts of secondary metabolites, gums and resins. Genomic DNA of Litsea glutinosa will be extracted. The DNA concentration plays an very important role in many applications in molecular biology like complete digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes and amplification of target DNA by polymerase chain reaction.
The word is derived from "bacteria" and the Greek word phage in means “to devour". Bacteriophages are made up of proteins that encapsulate a DNA or RNA genome and may have simple or large structures. Their genomes might encode for 4-100 genes. Phage can replicate inside the bacterium injecting its genome into its cytoplasm. Bacteriophages are the most common and diverse entities found in the biosphere.
It gives a significant piece of evidence for the chromosome theory of inheritance. There are many reasons why gene mapping is important. Firstly, it is the anatomy of human genome and it is useful in the analysis of genetic diseases. It is also useful in the development of gene therapy and it gives clinically useful information about linkage. Gene mapping is the first step of identifying a gene.
However, the possible applications of these mechanisms are much broader than just investigation. Given that genome editing has the capability to change any DNA chain, whether in a bacterium, plant, animal or human being, it has a roughly immeasurable range of possible relevancies in living organisms. Some bacteria have an alike, fixed, gene editing structure to the CRISPR-Cas9 structure that they use to act in response to attacking pathogens like viruses, much like an immune system. Using CRISPR the bacteria cut out parts of the virus DNA and keep a bit of it behind to assist them be familiar with and protect against the virus next time it attacks. Scientists personalized this system so that it could be used in other cells from animals, including mice and