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Operationalisation Of The Theoretical Framework

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4.3 Operationalisation of the theoretical framework Having selected a case design and cases, this study turns to the operationalisation of the variables presented in the theoretical framework. The following section introduces the measurement tools for the main variables and the mechanism. In line with the method of structured, focused comparison, these tools consist of a set of general questions and indicators that aim to study observable features of the variables and provide comparable results. Attention has been paid to the aspect of validity. 4.3.1 Operationalisation of the independent variable Drawing on the arguments of the theoretical framework, this study's independent variable (X), citizenship model, is understood as a dichotomous …show more content…

As for the questions, the indicator derive from the theoretical framework and highlight the variance inherent to both approaches. Indicator (A) thus addresses citizenship as status, (B) refers to citizenship as practice, while (C) and (D) capture changes in history. The first indicator requires a yes/no-answer, while the remaining ones allow for descriptive answers. The questions are equally important, however indicator A constitutes the foundation for the value of the independent variable to be assessed against. This is not due to its dichotomous nature, but stems from the fact that indicator (A) reflects the founding principle of citizenship and provides a framework for the other indicators. Table 3 provides an …show more content…

Relating back to the theoretical framework, resilience refers to societies' capability to deal with unexpected and disruptive events. The typology of resilience distinguishes between three types of resilience that each represent a level resilience capacity and security measures accordingly. Building upon this, each level is connected to a operationalisation category: Resilience-as-maintenance (low resilience), resilience-as-marginality (partial resilience), and resilience-as-renewal (high resilience). Thus a society is considered to have low resilience capacity if it aims at maintaining status quo and introduces high levels of security to protect against changes; partial resilience capacity if it introduces minor changes to cope with the disruption and experiences medium level security; and high resilience capacity when a disruption triggers transformation of society and the security level is very low or

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