Overactive Bladder Syndrome Case Summary

The Home Health Aide and the Overactive Bladder According to Mayo Clinic, an overactive bladder is just that: a bladder-storage problem resulting in sudden and frequent urges to urinate. Often these "urges" may be so strong that they cannot be stopped leading to incontinence. The amount of urine released may be a small trickle, or it may be a complete emptying of the bladder. The National Library of Medicine notes that the number of seniors with an overactive bladder continues to grow.

1. Stress incontinence: Half of the patients who have urinary incontinence have stress incontinence. This condition is caused by weakened pelvic muscles that have been stretched which allows urine to escape from the bladder. Stress incontinence can be described as mild, moderate or severe. Patients that have stress incontinence, notice leaking urine when coughing, sneezing, straining, exercising or with any other type of exertion.

They were 1) Bladder disorders are a normal part of aging, 2) Urinary incontinence is seen in at least 50% of nursing home residents, 3) Performing a bladder scan is an invasive procedure, 4) The BladderScan is only used when initially assessing a newly admitted resident, 5) Decreasing daily fluid intake can prevent episodes of urinary incontinence ? These questions were clear and to the point and painted a picture for the researcher of the knowledge base of the healthcare professionals. These questions were asked prior to any educational training and after the training and showed an increase in knowledge of urinary incontinence and the use of a bladder

Ms. N is a 74-year-old female patient, who presents to the nursing home for admission by her daughter with complaints of being confused, falling and urinary incontinence over the past three weeks. Her daughter, Doris sates she is unable to care for her mother at home anymore and wants to permanently admit her. Ms. N presents with several problems that can be placed on her preliminary list. First problem is Ms. N’s recent lifestyle change from being completely independent and driving herself to her part-time job at the local library, to being completely dependent, all within one month. This alerts that some illness is affecting Ms. N, which has caused her to be affected by these changes in such a short period of time.

If a diagnosis is not obtainable, urinalysis and urine culture should be considered. C-reactive protein levels or erythrocyte sedimentation rate are also tests that can be used to differentiate from torsion (Uphold & Graham, 2013). Intravenous pyelography can be used to detect bladder obstruction in older men. When the patient has sexually transmitted infection (STI), a gram-stained smear of urethral exudate or intraurethral swab specimen tests should be

Urinary incontinence, the loss of bladder control, can also be called enuresis is a problem with many different age groups. This is caused by sympathetic dysfunction. Sympathetic dysfunction affects many systems of the body such as the the cardiovascular, reproductive, and even urinary. Enuresis is a medical term used more towards children meaning involuntary urination, referred to bedwetting most of the time (Silverthorn, 2013). The International Continence Society defines incontinence as “a condition in which involuntary loss of urine is a social or hygienic problem and is objectively demonstrated (Viktrup, 1993).” Incontinence is also very common once a woman becomes pregnant and throughout postpartum. Postpartum is the six week period

sclerosis with subsequent occurrence of urinary symptoms and acute episode of disease in females. Journal of Reasearch in Medical Sciences, 17(4), 382-385. Tharpe, N.L., Farley, C.L., & Jordan, R.G. (2013). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health, (4th ed.).

Those receptors are located on the membranes of neurоns and оther cells and use second messengers, which involves increase in Ca2+ levels, to transmit signals. When acetylcholine (ACh) binds to mAChR, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, which activates the G-protein. Such receptors play important role in physiolоgical functions such as heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, cognition and release of neurоtransmitters. Type 1 mAChR (M1) is a receptor involved in cognitive prоcessing and M2 is involved in cognitive prоcessing and decreasing heart rate. Moreover, their binding sites are very similar.

Beta-2 agonists are used as short acting (reliever) and long acting (maintenance) beta agonists. This means

Beta blockers which are also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are drugs that block norepinephrine and epinephrine from binding to beta receptors on nerves. There are three types of beta receptors and each one controls different functions throughout the body. Beta-1 receptors are located in the heart, eye, and kidneys. Beta-2 receptors are found in the lungs, GI tract, liver, uterus, blood vessels, and skeletal muscle. Beta-3 receptors are located in the fat cells.

4- The DSM –IV Criteria for enuresis. 5- Client assessment database. 6-Eitological factors: psychodynamics, biological factors 7- Pharmacologic therapies

I write on behalf of my patient, Phil Robins, who is a sixty-five-year-old male facing acute urinary retention. Phil Robins shows several medical symptoms, including an inability to urinate, severe pain and discomfort in the lower abdomen, and bloating of the lower abdomen. My patient has been previously diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia which has been obstructing his urinary tract. Because of this, he frequently has to use a catheter to empty his bladder. My main concern for Mr. Robins is the prevention of infections commonly associated with catheter use.

As a nursing student, I need to ensure I am performing my tasks, including perineal care, to the highest standard, and addressing areas of concern that I observe during my shifts. As mentioned by Marshall & Bailey (2008), incontinence can greatly impact the quality of life of a patient, as well as increases their risk of potential perineal skin breakdown. Improper perineal care following incontinence can lead to painful skin irritation, UTIs, and pressure sores. Frequent monitoring, and management of incontinence are the first steps in appropriate management. Seeing as I was diligent in observing and reporting the incident of improper perineal care, I was able to follow these crucial first steps in preventing a potential UTI in this geriatric patient.

4.1. Vasovagal Causes. 4.2. Orthostatic hypotension. 4.3.

Introduction: Piriformis syndrome (PS) is a neuromuscular condition with a special combination of several characteristic manifestations mainly highlighted by gluteal pain(1). Others may involve pain in the lower back area down to buttocks, paraesthesia, numbness and limitations to some weight-bearing activities like walking for long periods, standing and sitting to some degrees(1-5). Other symptoms may also include: the sciatic notch tenderness, swelling, sexual dysfunctions and splayfoot with a dominant external rotation in supine lying indicating tightness of the muscle(6). In general, four primary manifestations had the highest tendency to be found as was reported by a recent systematic review. These include: posterior buttock pain, increased sciatica symptoms with sitting, tenderness over the greater sciatic notch and positive results of Piriformis muscle tension tests