Poliomyelitis Case Studies

First there is sub-clinical polio which may not have obvious symptoms. In sub-clinical polio over 95 percent of the infected patients don’t have any symptoms. However if the people with sub-clinical polio have symptoms they only last 3 days or less. Some of the symptoms for sub-clinical polio are fever, normal discomfort, vomiting, fever, sore throat, and red throat. Non- paralytic polio has many symptoms that can last for a couple of days or weeks. Next there is the symptoms of non-paralytic polio are fever, meningitis, sore throat, vomiting, headache, tiredness, not normal reflexes, difficulty swallowing, back pain, neck pain, arm pain, leg pain, and muscle tenderness. . Paralytic polio which leads to paralysis has more severe system than the other 2 kinds. People with paralytic polio first get the symptoms of non-paralytic polio then they get the systems of paralytic polio. There are 3 types of paralytic polio which are spinal polio which affects the spinal cord, bulbar polio which affects the brain or bulbospinal polio which is both. The symptoms of paralytic polio are either temporary or permanent paralysis, muscle pain or critical spasms, deformed limbs and loss of reflexes. Lastly there is post-polio syndrome which can occur up to 35 years after a person had the infection. The symptoms of post-polio syndrome are trouble swallowing or breathing, becoming very tired, being easily cold,

Originally, on Tuskegee University, monkey cells were being used to measure the quantity of antibody developed in response to the poliovirus infection. However, since there were not large enough quantities of the cells, another host cell was needed, which ended up being HeLa. With the immortality of HeLa cells and its ability to be easily infected by the poliovirus, it was an amazing alternative source, from there the poliovirus vaccine was created. Before this vaccine, right around 1953, there were close to 60,000 polio cases in the United States. Destroying the results of the polio vaccination could put society in distress, and maybe even beat the amount of polio cases from

“Childhood vaccines are one of the great triumphs of modern medicine. Indeed, parents whose children are vaccinated no longer have to worry about their child’s death or disability from whooping cough, polio, diphtheria, hepatitis, or a host of other infections.” (Emanuel)

(A.Offit). Some children, who contract a deadly disease, usually don’t have enough time to complete their wish list. By allowing your children to be vaccinated, you are giving them an opportunity to live out their life without the threat of an infectious disease. Children who are the ages of five and under are the ones who are commonly infected by a disease. A vaccination is just a shot containing the dead or weak germ of the disease. It allows your body to learn what they should fight against. However, the vaccine effects will not make you sick, since it’s not an alive germ. As the disease enters the body, it alarms the your defense system and starts to create antibodies to kill the germ. The vaccine strengthens your immune system, so a disease will never infect you even if you come in contact with someone who has one. Having a strong immune system is a crucial part to ensure your children are

vaccines require more than one dose, children can receive as many as 26 inoculations by 2 years of age and up to five shots at one time. For this reason, some parents now ask their doctors to space out, separate or withhold vaccines. If the parent(s) decided to not vaccinate their child, the child may not have the necessary antibodies to fight off infection. That is why to protect the child, the vaccine needs to be not enforced on the child, but strongly suggested by the doctor.

Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by poliovirus, which can cause chronic paralysis and weakness in the nerves. Polio was always an issue in the early 20th century in the United States, with cases numbering the ten

Those against mandatory vaccines deem that the chickenpox, measles, rubella and rotavirus all have symptoms that can be treated with oral medicines and creams. Vaccine-preventable diseases have not disappeared so vaccination is still necessary and the diseases that decreased tremendously were due to the impact of vaccines. The CDC notes that many vaccine-preventable diseases are still in the United States or "only a plane ride away." Although the paralytic form of polio has largely disappeared thanks to vaccination, the virus still exists in countries like Pakistan where there were 93 cases in 2013 and 71 in 2014 as of May 15. The polio virus can be incubated by a person without symptoms for years; that person can then accidentally infect an unvaccinated child or adult in whom the virus can mutate into its paralytic form and spread amongst unvaccinated people. Unvaccinated Amish missionaries who traveled to the Philippines brought measles back to Ohio in May 2014, resulting in 155 infected people as of June 5, 2014. There were 9,149 confirmed and 31,508 suspected cases of measles in the Philippines between Jan. 1 and May 20, 2013. In 2004, there were 37 cases of measles in the United States; in 2014, by May 30, there were 16 measles outbreaks in the United States resulting in at least 334 cases in 18 states. UNICEF reported that, globally, 453,000 children die from rotavirus, 476,000 die from pneumococcus (the virus that causes pneumonia, meningitis, and blood infections), 199,000 die from Hib (a virus that causes pneumonia and meningitis), 195,000 die from pertussis (whooping cough), 118,000 die from the measles, and 60,000 die from tetanus each year, all vaccine-preventable

1. These Children are too young to be vaccinated, so to keep them healthy make sure everyone around them is

Does saving the human race from extinction matter if you did not get permission to take the materials necessary? When an African American women had her cells stolen without her consent she had no knowledge as to how she was going to benefit the world, let alone the science industry. This woman is Henrietta Lacks. Her cells and her legacy will never be forgotten throughout the world. In The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot presents the scientific progression of HeLa cells with study cases, such as the study of viruses and the development of the polio vaccine, in order to prove to the reader that HeLa was beneficial towards science and was not illegal in any ethical way.

Throughout time, many individuals and societies have come to know the one and only term that both science and literature have explored--zombies. This term has evolved into many different interpretations to the point where almost all individuals assume that a “zombie” is a false accusation, a fiction’s use for entertainment, a frivolous means to scaring society. Many cultures has skewed many minds into believing that a “zombie” apocalypse is impossible. But what if it is possible? Over time, both literature and science fiction has implemented a stereotypical undead “zombie” that has a stench of the grotesque decaying flesh and wonders around screeching in search for nothing but mushy brains to feast upon. But what if a “zombie” is just a form

Polio: An American Story written by David Oshinsky highlights the journey to the discovery of a vaccine which would finally put an end to the once mysterious disease, Poliomyelitis. The journey begins in Otter Valley, Vermont, as it was the first Polio epidemic to be documented in the United States. Unknowingly, it would take years after the first epidemic in 1894 to find a solution for this frightening illness. The disease dates back to ancient time, with cases describing the victims to be left with disfigured limbs and some eventually to be paralyzed. Oshinsky identifies that the disease appeared in three phases: endemic, which occurs in a sporadically within a group of people, epidemic, in which it affected many people and spread rapidly,

Should I get my kid vaccinated? Should I get vaccinated? Are vaccinations going to help? Are vaccines safe? These are questions people are asking daily about vaccines. A lot of people get vaccinated. Others don't and have a legal reason not to get them. But people are more at risk if they don't get vaccinated. If you contract a disease because you didn't get vaccinated that's putting others at risk.

Accordingly, to Tara Haelle, author of “The Measles Outbreak is Twice as Big as You Thought”, published in Scientific American, in 2015, the main idea is on March 6, about 173 cases were reported because of measles. However, Canada had an outbreak more than 100 cases that was also affected by the measles.The measles virus is infecting the children more.The measles are a contagious virus that is spread by someone. The virus can be spread by inhaling from an affected person.The infectious disease can remain in the air, on the surface, and objects for several hours after an affected person leave the room. Haelle mention Mark Schleiss, he is a director of Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at the University of Minnesota Medical School,

(Ciolli, 2008). Enrollment in public school requires up to date vaccinations in order to protect the

Modern medicine provides people with the ability to protect themselves from the world’s most fatal diseases. Merely a century ago, it was not uncommon for a child to die as a result of diseases such as polio, pertussis, and tuberculosis. Today, it is highly unlikely for a person to contract these diseases, let alone die from them. However, refusal of vaccinations has been increasing throughout the years due to the anti-vaccination movement. This movement declares mandatory vaccines unconstitutional and vaccinations overall as the cause of autism. Unfortunately, the anti-vaccination movement is becoming increasingly popular due to individuals’ unfounded fears and imagined consequences associated with the idea of purposely inserting a disease into one’s body. However, despite one’s beliefs, vaccines are essential not only to a person’s well-being, but to the health of those around them. Mandatory vaccinations do not cause autism; rather, they save lives while upholding values of