Crystal Mew
Professor Grant
Intro to Justice Studies
February 28,2018
Over the past few decades many laws have instituted in order to deter and prevent sexual violence. The most prominent method of doing so incorporates requiring sex-offenders to register. This registry is a system intended to enable government officials to monitor the activities of convicted offenders. Enlistment is also sometimes accompanied by additional restrictions including housing, being in the presence of minors, living in close proximity of a school, owning items targeted towards children, or even using the internet. However, the effectiveness of the registry deterring crime is not what it is perceived to be.
The awareness of sex offenders
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However, it cannot guarantee that a sex offender registrant would never reoffend. What it has done is what it was intended to do, increase public awareness of sex offenders and the danger they pose. It has also increased communication about offenders between the criminal justice system, the Department of Corrections, local law enforcement, and the community. It has established a database link between local and state law enforcement agencies and offered victims access to information about the sex offender who committed crimes against them. (Jon E, …show more content…
Sex offenders are still a threat to society and the registry is a precautionary measure that can aid in keeping communities safer. However, since it does not deter crime legislators need to find a more efficient method of reducing sexual offenses.
Bibliography
Elizabeth J. Letourneau, P. J. (2010). Evaluating the Effectiveness of Sex Offender Registration and Notification Policies for Reducing Sexual Violence against Women . Medical University of South Carolina .
Jon E, L. (2002, October 16 ). Registering Sex Offenders Makes a State a Safer Place. Wisconsin State Journal; Madison, Wis., p. A8.
Lees, M., & Tewksbury, R. (2006, February). Understanding Policy and Progmmatic Issues Regarding Sex Offender Registries. Trade Journals , 68(1), 54,56-57.
Lehrer, E. (2016). Rethinking Sex-Offender REgistries. Retrieved March 6, 2018, from National Affairs: https://www.nationalaffairs.com/publications/detail/rethinking-sex-offender-registries
Scholle, A. D. (2000, July). Sex Offender Registration. FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin; Washington, 69(7),
The United States Supreme Court in the Packingham v. North Carolina first amendment case has ruled in favor of Lester Gerard Packingham. The state from now on may not bar social media access to registered sex offenders. The case’s build up dates back to 2002 when 21 year old college student Lester G. Packingham had a sexual relationship with a 13-year-old girl. For involvement with a minor he received a 10-12 month sentence, but having never met problems with the law, the judge required him to go on a 24 month probation and register as a sex offender. Five years had passed and in 2008 North Carolina forbid any person on the sex offender list to use any type of social media.
Policy Analysis: Megan’s Law Sexual violence, particularly against children, is a significant issue all around the world. In the early 1990’s in the United States, there were multiple well-publicized cases of sexual violence against children. From kidnappings, to rapes, and everything in between, violence was being committed against children and something needed to be done about it. In 1996, Megan’s Law was passed in response to the sexual assault and death of Megan Kanka, a seven-year-old from New Jersey (Corrigan, 2006).
Chapter Eight of the book Flawed Criminal Justice Policies, authors take the closer look at the laws and faulty policy regarding the sex offenders. According to the book policy makers started the myriad laws to protect the public from the sex offenders with increased prison sentences, and restricting the residences to the violators. Today we have very similar situation when it comes to treatment of sexual offenders. The process starts with the sex offender being committed to the prison sentence, and lastly to being registered as a sex offender on many public websites, so that the people could distinguish who the sex offender is and where he/she lives. In this chapter we can learn about a lot of different statues that were made to protect people from the sex offenders.
No research to date has indicated that applying harsher penalties or mandating national registries has reduced the recidivism rates among sex offenders, reduced sex trafficking against minors, nor child pornography. Despite the ongoing efforts of The Adam Walsh Act alongside other child safety acts as well, children in the United States are still perishing from sexual and physical abuse each day. According to data from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), “49 States reported a total of 1,585 fatalities. Based on these data, a nationally estimated 1,670 children died from abuse or neglect in FFY 2015, which is 5.7 percent more than in 2011. This translates to a rate of 2.25 children per 100,000 children in the general population and an average of nearly five children dying every day from abuse or neglect”.(www.childwarefare.gov) Human Rights Watch shares that “the real risks that children face are quite different: government statistics indicate that most sexual abuse of children are committed by family members or trusted authority figures, and by someone who has not previously been convicted of a sex offense.
Megan’s Law is a federal law that has changed the course of the criminal justice system in the United States of America. Prior to Megan’s law, convicted sex offenders were able to easily re-offend due to lack of public notification. In the year 2000, it is estimated that there were more than 248,000 sexual victimizations and over an 8-year period in the United States there were 366,460 attempted or completed rapes and sexual assaults (Welchans, 2005). The prevalence of sexual assault, rape, and pedophilia in the United States has sparked a large conversation over the last decade, which has led to the creation of several laws, including Megan’s Law. This analysis of Megan’s Law will focus on the positive aspects that implementing this law has
Additionally, California has a law that allows citizens access to a CD-ROM with detailed information on sex offenders living in the state. The Pam Lyncher Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act, signed into law by President Clinton in 1996, called for a national registry of sex offenders, which allows state officials to submit queries and determine whether a job applicant at a day-care center is a registered sex offender in any of the participating states. Overall, communities have the right to be informed about the presence of sex offenders and take measures to protect themselves, such as avoiding contact with the offender or limiting their access to certain areas. However, it's worth noting that some states have more stringent laws than others when it comes to community notification and that the effectiveness of such laws in reducing the risk of recidivism among sex offenders remains a topic of
The federal government’s “War on Crime” by the Johnson administration in the 60s made way for tougher law enforcement and surveillance (Hinton, 2015). However, with this came the separation of children and adults in the criminal justice system; then the separation of juvenile delinquents from status offenders. As mentioned, status offenders are different from juvenile delinquents because they had broken rules which apply to only children. Meanwhile, juvenile delinquents are youths under the age of 18, who committed offenses that would be punishable to adults as well. By the late 1960s, there became a growing concern that juveniles involved in the court-based status-offense system, were not getting their best interests met (Shubik & Kendall, 2007).
It includes lesser sex crimes like, video voyeurism of a minor, lewdness, or non-violent sexual contact with anyone over 18 or possession or receipt of child pornography. Within Tier 1, there are also some more harmless offenses like urinating in public or streaking. If the offender with a Tier 1 has a clean record he/she may reduce the registration time from 15 to 10 years. It is required by law for sex offenders to appear in person every certain time to have a picture taken and verify registry information. Tier I sex offenders must appear every year, Tier II sex offenders every six month, and Tier III sex offenders every three months.
Annotated bibliography Childress, S. (2016, June 2). More States Consider Raising the Age for Juvenile Crime. Retrieved from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/more-states-consider-raising-the-age-for-juvenile-crime/ More states are considering to raising the age for juvenile crimes before being tried as adult because young offender's mental capacity. The idea is to cut the cost of incarcerate young offender in adult prison and ensure offenders to receive proper education and specialized care to change their behavior. Putting children in adult prison does not deter crime.
As a parent, I want to be very aware of the sexual offenders who may be near my children. The sexual registry list is a good tool that
Sources: Department Of Corrections, Washington. Sex Offender Management Assesment And Planning
Two fundamental strategies that authorities have attempted to use to discourage sex offenders are giving the alternative of synthetic and/or surgical mutilation for sex offenders and reducing the caseloads of caseworkers to guarantee strict supervision of these sex offenders. On the other hand, as sex offenders who were sent to jail, eventually at some point return into society, It is believed that their is trust in place that therapists can treat sex offenders as they endeavor to completely reintegrate into society as reputable citizens (Kersting,
Louise Gerdes’ book presents a collection of speeches, personal reflections, and essays that discuss sexual violence. “Tracking convicted pedophiles is necessary to help law enforcement protect children from these predators with a tracking device which will alert authorities if a convicted sex offender is near a school or any other prohibited area” (Gerdes 157). Gerdes explains how much safer it would be if necessary precautions were taken, which would be a big step in the right direction regarding the prevention of sexual assault and rape. One might say a tracking device is a little excessive to be mandated to wear at all times; but these criminals should have thought about that before they committed the unspeakable acts that they've been prosecuted for. Always being able to know the exact whereabouts of sex offenders would be extremely helpful to authorities because while that sex offender is getting closer and closer to that elementary school, police will already be in pursuit and stop the potential sex offender in his/her tracks.
4 Criticism and Challenges The first point of criticism against victim participation in restorative justice processes arises from scepticism about an apology to the victim as a way of dealing with criminal matters. The perception sometimes exists as to it simply being a way to get away with the crime.106 Members of the public should thus be educated to understand that restorative justice is more than a mere saying sorry, but in the context of victim offender mediation or family group conferences it rather affords the victim the opportunity to confront the child offender with the real and human cost of his or her criminal actions. Another concern deals with the possible secondary victimisation of the victim in the case where the offender pretends
Many ask should offenders have the right to live near schools, parks or daycares after serving their time for the offense. This is one of the most emotionally debated issues in criminal law today. How to manage the risk of sexual offenders being rehabilitated back into the community? “Beyond mandatory registration and community notification, over a dozen states have enacted residency restrictions that forbid sex offenders from living within a certain distance of schools, parks, day care centers, or even places where children normally congregate.” said Durling. Author Caleb Durling conducts a research to discuss his opinion how the law should modified.