Six Basic Principles Of Punishment

Paper 1: BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION Becky Templin Clovis Community College February 17, 2018 Introduction The theory behind behavior modification ethics has a reputation for its accomplishments and disappointments. In addition to this, there are many dangers in using physical punishment as behavior modification with the two primary modifiers of behavior being Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning. The outcome of using negative reinforcement has its share of benefits and downfalls in human behavior whereas; positive reinforcement seems to win over.

In 1966, Azrin and Holz found that there are factors that influence the effectiveness of punishment. Some of the factors include: manner of introduction, immediacy, schedule of punishment,

Operant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement

Any punishment that is used should be pre-planned and mildly unpleasant. Students should know the consequences of inappropriate behaviors and quietly adhere to the outcomes of their actions (Charles,

The crime control model emphasizes punishment as the remedy for misbehavior. This model is believed beneficial because offenders are taught not to commit further crimes. The balanced and restorative

In contrast with Classical Conditioning, Skinner introduced Operant Conditioning to conduct research on shaping one’s own behaviors through two kinds of consequences: reinforcement and punishment. Reinforcement is the consequences that increase the chance that the behavior will occur again in the future. Two kinds of reinforcements he identified were positive reinforcement (stimulus that favors the outcome, such as praise) and negative reinforcement (the removal of unpleasant stimulus to increase recurring behavior). Punishment also plays an important role with Operant Conditioning. Punishment is the consequences that decrease the chance that the behavior will occur again.

Next would be specific deterrence which is also called direct experience with punishment. This type of punishment is when an individual has

The central idea behind Jean Hampton's Moral Education Theory of Punishment (MET) is that it is best to educate criminals on their wrongdoings without handing down any physical punishments or ramifications. Hampton believes that excessive harm is not a moral response to a crime committed by a person. Rather, she argues that the point of basic punishment is to teach the wrongdoer that the action they did or wanted to do is forbidden, on the basis that it is morally wrong according to society. Therefore, according to Hampton, it is much healthier to educate criminals rather than handing down difficult physical punishments, which simply hurts the criminal and can be unproductive. To elaborate, Hampton proposes that any form of punishment is justified

Will good parenting skills change a child’s bad behavior? Some people may say that to fix a child’s behavior parents should involve punishment. Maybe they will also say that punishment leads to having a well-disciplined child. In the article, “No Spanking, No Time-Out, No Problem,” Olga Khazan proposes a parenting intervention from a child psychologist, she utilizes it to persuade readers along with parents into believing that punishment cannot change negative behavior. Kazdin discusses the causes behind a negative behavior from a child and utilizes it to prove that punishment does not need to be utilized.

In this case, reinforcement is referring to having an increase in behavior and regarding to punishment its defined to decrease a behavior. The reinforcement and punishment can consist of being positive and or negative. In operant conditioning, the most effective method to utilize is positive reinforcement, which is beneficial for the change of one’s behavior. Positive Reinforcement

Consequently, the offender will gain control over their behavior (Kirsch & Becker,

Reinforcement and punishment are methods used in operant conditioning and both can be positive and negative but work in a unique way. Positive means you are adding something so you increase a behaviour and negative means you are taking something away so you decrease a particular behaviour. Reinforcement Reinforcement is used to help increase a specific behaviour in the future and if done correctly this behaviour will increase, occurring more frequently as the child develops.

The way the author uses rhetoric in this essay as a way of strengthening the argument being made is excellent. The impact that the author gets by the use of rhetoric justifies that by using ethos the author can establishes credibility with the reader. Evidence that supports the author uses the lines “says Alan Kazdin, director of the Yale Parenting Center” (Khazan) to establish with the readers that they are not just reading an opinion paper from an individual not qualified to give reliable data such as a garbage man or a medical doctor. The author of the quote “The best way to reduce misbehavior is to provide abundant positive reinforcement for good behavior. Punishment in the form of unpleasant consequences might stop misbehavior, but it often has undesirable side effects.”

There is a worldwide trend in the use of penal imprisonment for serious offenses as capital punishment has been renounced by an increasing number of countries. Harsh punishments include capital punishment, life imprisonment and long-term incarceration. These forms of punishments are usually used against serious crimes that are seen as unethical, such as murder, assault and robbery. Many people believe that harsher punishments are more effective as they deter would-be criminals and ensure justice is served. Opposition towards harsh punishments have argued that harsher punishments does not necessarily increase effectiveness because they do not have a deterrent effect, do not decrease recidivism rates and do not provide rehabilitation. In addition,

I. Introduction A. P. J. O 'Rourke once said “Everybody knows how to raise children, except the people who have them” (O’Rourke, Pg.10). Parents always want their children to be better than what they used to be when they were at their age; that is why they care about every detail in their children’s life especially when it comes to behavior, obeying them and listening to their words. B. Background Information: i. People came to realize that physical punishment is a rough, atrocious, unacceptable mean of punishment that should be banned for its appalling, horrifying effects. ii. Facts about physical punishment (sources used) 1.