Sphingolipids Lab Report

Medical biller is a position that will require you to take in medical claims and code them and bill out medical claims to insurance companies, Medicare and Medicaid on a daily basis. You will have to reconcile Explanation of Benefits (EOB) weekly. Verify if insurance companies require that patients get PA for certain procedure and products.

Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides. The transposon of Tn4351 was originally detected in E. coli which carried an unstable chimeric plasmid, pSS-2. The mobilization of pSS-2 from onestrain of E. coli

A milk-based, litmus broth tube is incubated and observed after 48 hours. Observations include lactose fermentation without gas as well as with gas, the reduction of litmus, casein protein coagulation and casein and protein hydrolysis. These characteristics were all determined based on the color of the solution and the production of a curd, the curds density and the production of a gas. To determine the density of the curd, the tube was slightly turned to see rather or not it was mobile or concentrated towards the bottom.

This question requires knowing the Beadle and Tatum’s experiment with Neurospora crassa and the results.

Multicellularity is a condition of an organism to have multicellular cells. An example of a organism who has multicellular cells are plants, animals, and humans.

In this three-week long experiment conducted in the Bio 13 Lab, we were able to analyze a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in our own genomic DNA and then determine our genotype at this specific SNP. In week one, we extracted genomic DNA from our cheek cells with swabs and prepared our DNA for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) that would amplify the region with the intended SNP of interest. After one week and after the PCR was run outside of the lab section, the resulting PCR product was purified and treated with restriction enzyme Ahdl in order to prepare for the final analysis of our genotypes. In the third and final week of the project, we analyzed our PCR products by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. By the conclusion of the experiment, we had completed the analysis at the SNP of interest and determined our genotypes for this SNP.

The purpose of this lab is to use control variables to help identify different macromolecules. Biological systems are made up of these four major macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are sugar molecules (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides) which make them the most abundant macromolecule on the earth. Lipids (oils and fats, phospholipids and steroids) are insoluble in water and perform many functions such as energy source, essential nutrients, hormones and insulators (Lehman, 1955). Proteins are made up of peptide bonds holding amino acids together to perform biological functions like enzymes, antibodies, for transport and structure (Asmus, 2007). Lastly, nucleic acids

I am most impressed on the colloquium by Jim Wells (UCSF) and I believe that his talk owns the best scientific content. His talk mainly focused on some challenging targets that are used for drug discovery. In his talk, he introduced that they utilized the standard high-throughput screening (HTS) and disulfide trapping methods to study the small molecule inducer of cell death. One of the most interesting results I think is the studies of cell death mechanisms with some specific inflammatory caspases inhibitors (e.g., Pan Caspase Inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, etc.). They proved that cell death caused by the drug was not related to the protein, caspase, by

Since the conception of the Olympic games in ancient Greece, athletes have been participating in competitive sporting events to prove physical supremacy and acquire the honor and societal hierarchy that could be earned by the victors. In this infantile-era of athletic competition, the primary motivation for these athletes was simply to earn the coveted gold medal and obtain social prestige. However, in today’s hypercompetitive societal environment, a generic slab of gold is not a sufficient incentive to motivate world-class athletes. Immense financial compensation has driven participants in these games to push the limits and bend the rules to the point of breaking in order to gain the greatest advantage over their opponents. In the modern sporting era, the most accessible way to gain this advantage is by supplementing training with anabolic steroids.

The purpose of this research was to identify how hyperlipidemia affects heart performance. Hyperlipidemia is a condition in which excess cholesterol and triglycerol are present in the blood stream, and this study focused on the impact of high cholesterol. The activation of KATP channels by activators, cromakalim and diazoxide, is a cardioprotective mechanism seen in animals. The study focused on male Wistar rats, where ventricular tissue was extracted and processed for comparison between normal diet and cholesterol fed rats, while many tests included PCR analysis, Western blot analysis, etc. Cholesterol fed rats vs. normal fed rats showed a decrease in cardiac ATP production, an increase

Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining. Approximately 60-90% of the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan and interwoven teichoic acid, while only

Besides, consuming acesulfame potassium in long term will apparently produces tumors in breast, lung and even thymus gland. There are also some forms of leukemia and chronic respiratory disease in rodent

Fatty acid methyl ester mix (PUFA No 3 from menhaden oil) was purchased from Supelco (USA). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic-acid, phloroglucinol, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ascorbic acid and BHT were purchased from Sigma-aldrich, (Germany); sodium carbonate, YPD medium and Mueller-Hinton agar were purchased from Merck (Germany); Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin and McFarland scale were purchase from Biomerieux (France). Methanol, n-Hexane and dichloromethane were purchased from Fisher Scientific (U. K). Dimethyl sulfoxide, 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and cisplatin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (U.S.A.); isopropanol was purchased from Panreac

Lipase also called as triacylglycerol acylhydrolaseis an enzyme known for its enormous applications for industry and diagnostics. Their basic activity is to convert fats into fatty acids and glycerol. These enzymes are water soluble in nature. They also convert polar solvents into more lipolytic substances. In 1856, a scientist name claude Bernard has identified lipase [1].

Ammonia in butanol was the appropriate solvent to use for the column chromatography of food dye. After testing for the appropriate solvent, the set- up for column chromatography was done (Figure 2.).