Erikson's Stages Of Psychosocial Development

During puberty the body will go through many changes and a young person will start to become more aware of their body and their personal appearance.

Two theories that will be discussed in this paper is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and John Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Erikson’s theory is considered psychosocial, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors within a lifespan, from infancy to later adulthood. Erikson’s theory is broken down into eight consecutive age-defined stages. During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development. Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed:

During this stage in life, Erikson describes individuals in the generativity vs. stagnation stage (Capp, 2004). Individuals between the ages 40 to 65 have generally married, have a career and have their own families. Erikson refers to generativity as a concern of the next generation by guiding and establishing them. He also stated that a well-developed man wants to feel needed and the younger generation should acknowledge that need (Capp, 2004). Dunkel and Sefcek (2009) stated that the individual is faced with the challenge of self constructive tasks and to help the next generation, not just their children but other individuals that may need guidance or influence.

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, trust vs. mistrust, occurs in the first year of life. Erikson believed that the caregiver’s response to the infant’s cries help them develop a sense of trust, when the caregiver responds right away to the infant’s distress of crying or fussing (Mooney, 2000). Erikson believed that in the earliest years of life, mainly during infancy, patterns of trust or mistrust are formed that control, or at least influence, a person’s actions or interactions for the rest of life (Erikson, 1950).

inferiority. In this stage, children look to develop a sense of good work and study habits looking for praise and satisfaction. If praise is withheld and instead a child is discouraged by way of scolding or rejection, feelings of inferiority and inadequacy may occur.

Erik Erikson was a fundamental person who expressed his ideas of lifespan development occurring from birth to death. Erik Erikson, the son of Karla Abrahamen and a father whose name remain unknown (Psyography: Biographies on Psychologists, n.d.) studied at various schools studying arts and language. He became the first child analysts during his attendance at Harvard Medical School. (Sharkey, 1997). Also, he was employed in various educational schools. His childhood, education experiences, and careers influenced his contributions to lifespan development. As a “neo-Freudian”, Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages of development that greatly correspond with Freud’s Psychosexual Stages (Broderick

After an examination of Erik Erikson and Daniel Levinson’s theories at first sight not much is alike, since the stages both differ, but digging deeper in Erikson's and Levinson’s theories have similar ideas in social development; after all, these two studies differ in the outcome. Erik erikson's theories have a greater underlining on child-adolescent development, he believes that early development of a child is the foundation and is the greatest impact on a person's identity and personality later on in life. Erikson presents the stages from childhood to adulthood, but in his theory the only significant development is during childhood, which is the problem, since an individual goes through life experiences throughout life they may have a great impact as an adult too. On the other hand Daniel Levinson’s theory signifies changes throughout all of life's experiences, from childhood to adulthood and continuing. Levinson’s theory believes that we adapt ad we let go of certain things as we move on in life and move from one stage to another.

Autonomy vs shame and doubt, children from the ages of 1- 3 years are able to comprehend more about their self-image and self-control. Children can also control their body functions by completing certain assignments which gives them the feeling of freedom and self-governance. In Erikson’s third stage of his theory children can understand the difference between what is wrong and right in a social environment. However, children are very easily affected by their errors, and they are not able to see the extent of their actions. As indicated by Erikson 's 4th stage of psychosocial development, children in their middle school years start to perform more convoluted duties and see more perplexing thoughts at this stage. They also compare their competency against their peers as far as feeling like there above them. Some children that are not able to do well in certain areas will feel secondary to others. Identity versus identity confusion is where children progress on moving towards becoming adolescents. They frequently have higher desires on themselves. During this phase, they locate their personality and their identity as people. As they develop, they endeavor to

These three developmental theories contribute to the understanding of Jack’s abilities and can be helpful in the planning of interventions to prevent a disruption in Jack’s continued growth and development. However, there are also limitations to be considered. For example; Erikson’s strength is the application from infancy to late adulthood but his theories were directed more for male individuals over females and were unable to be strictly tested. Criticism for Piaget is made for the lack of complete staging or for lack of consideration to cultural applications, especially when the main subjects of his study were his own children. Shaie’s studies contribute significantly to understanding adult development, but it offers little for use in developing interventions for children and young

Erikson 's sixth stage of psychosocial development is Intimacy vs. Isolation. This stage of development often occurs between the ages of 20-25 years or what is commonly referred to as early adulthood. During this stage of development individuals often have a strong desire to share their personal life with someone else. Individuals have now developed their own sense of identity and so they are now eager to fuse their identity with that of others. Individuals are often ready for intimacy or "the capacity to commit [themselves] to concrete affiliations and partnerships and to develop the ethical strength to abide by such commitments, even though they call for significant sacrifices and compromises (Berger, 2016). Adults during this stage of development often ask themselves "Who can I share my life with?". A conflict often arises during this stage of development between one 's desire for intimacy in a long term-term relationship and one 's commitment to not losing their sense of self in the process. Adults who master this stage of development, often develop the

Throughout life, people go through a multitude of experiences that can heavily affect their mindsets, personalities, and lives in general. People are most prone to be influenced by these experiences from infancy up to the age of eighteen, during the developmental phases of life. Developmental phases are segments of time throughout life where humans are extremely susceptible to learning, allowing for the subconscious development of new skill sets, personality traits, and mannerisms that make them who they are. According to Erik Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, there are eight developmental phases, five of which take place before or during adolescence. Each phase develops on a basis of psychosocial crisis, such as intimacy versus

Erik Erikson’s stage of psychosocial cognition describes the eight stages of a developing human being and how they should go through their lifecycle. The individuality stage meets and then describes the challenges that an individual would experience. I will try to explain how Forrest Gump will relate to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development assumption. Forrest Gump perceive many motions as he developed throughout his life. We often coin these changes that Erikson mentions in this movie. His model conveys the biological and sociological forces that Forrest goes through to effectively outgo from infancy to adulthood.

When I was born in this auspicious earth the first face I saw was my parents face. I used to cry a lot and mom usually thinks I’m hungry and feeds me every time when I do so. So I got to know my mom a lot and I used to play with my dad and these two were familiar faces to me in the initial stages and I developed a trust on them, The important thing I felt in this stage was feeding and my parent’s care. As we were in a joint family I always stayed with my parents and never allowed my uncle or aunt to lift me, when they tried to do so I used to switch on my alarm that is my cry, it forced my mom to run all the way from the kitchen to take care of me.

In life of an individual there are several developmental changes or events which occur as continuity of span of life. Some of life developmental stages include infantile, adolescence, maturity, and adulthood. These phases have biological, social, psychological and physiognomic reasons to which an individual completed the course of life. Psychological analysis upon the developmental stages include the focus on characterization, demarcation and the social interaction of individual’s life (Baltes & Schaie, 2013).

Many researchers have tried to revise after Freud 's psychoanalysis, to show the value associated with the process and I have to follow their development (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004). The most prominent of the so-called ego psychology was Erik Erikson. As with other postfreydistov for Erickson the greatest importance was the self and its adaptive capacity in connection with the problem of the individual. However, this does not mean that he neglected his theory of biological or social factors (Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004). In fact, Erickson insisted that any psychological phenomenon can be understood in the context of a coherent interaction between biological, behavioral, and social factors empirical. Other features of Erikson 's theoretical orientation include the following: 1) focus on the changes taking place in the development process throughout a person 's life; 2) focusing on "normal" or "healthy" rather than pathological; 3) the special