Plan Colombia, an initiative created to combat the increasing drug epidemic in Colombia, has been in action for over a decade. In an effort to bring peace to the nation and reduce the production and sale of narcotics, numerous key agents have become involved in the affair at both the regional and international level. Utilizing geo-cultural structures and a variety of ideologies, these agents are able to justify their actions in the nation and continue diffusing tension in Colombia as well as combating the drug trade. In addition, limitations of both sovereignty and absolutism are evident in this initiative. Overall, these aspects of Plan Colombia have led to its tremendous influence in the world today. There are countless agents …show more content…
The United States government is one such agent. The US government has taken over many aspects of Colombia, with the goal of eliminating the production of cocaine, thus halting the growing drug endemic. They have intruded in Colombia, exerting their power over the Colombian government in many cases, in hopes of providing much needed aid to a country that is in the midst of such plights. Monsanto is also a key agent at the international level. As a known agri-business corporation specializing in the production of chemicals such as pesticides, Monsanto has been critical to the fumigation procedures used to eliminate coca plants throughout many areas of the Colombian countryside. Finally, the paramilitary also serves as an influential international agent in regards to Plan Colombia. This group, appointed by the United States, has been vital in the elimination and control of the FARC guerilla members. They strive to eradicate social and political organizations that contradict their own right-wing beliefs, and have been influential in conflicts with not only the FARC, but also with opposing political parties, unions, and leftist organizations. Plan Colombia is highly influenced through international agents such as …show more content…
One structure used by multiple agents is simply the law. Both the US and Colombian governments have a legal system in place from which they act. These systems include laws against the production and sale of narcotics, as well as laws for the protection of basic human rights. Legal systems such as the ones utilized by these governments have served to both aid and hinder agents in the pursuit of their interests. For example, laws against narcotics justify the US in their interference in Colombia, as the US government believes that the proper way to eradicate the drug market is to target the direct source of the problem, eliminating the growing of coca by local Colombian farmers. However, human rights regulations have the ability to hinder their plans. The US relies heavily upon fumigation procedures to destroy coca plants in the country, and such procedures utilize the chemical glyphosate. Though the US claims that glyphosate is a safe and legal form of herbicide, it has been determined that the glyphosate used in Colombia is not entirely pure, but is a compound mixed with numerous other chemicals, thus greatly increasing its toxicity levels. Known for causing skin problems, interfering with a number of essential bodily enzymes, and triggering tumor growth, as well as
For years, the United States and Mexico have been engaged in operations to halt the production of drugs south of the border as well as their shipment to the United States, which is world’s largest drug market. However, the genesis of the current Drug War is commonly traced back to the 2000s for a couple of reasons. Just days after taking office in December 2006, Mexican President Felipe Calderon kicked off a veritable “war” against the cartels when he sent 6,500 soldiers and police into his home state of Michoacan to organized crime in this area. Mexican society is largely homogeneous and socially conservative.
One example is a large non-governmental organization by the name of Medecins Sans Frontieres. The organization is one that delivers medical aid to different countries. They have helped over seventy countries total. Medecins Sans Frontieres wanted to open a feeding center for Ethiopia but were rejected by Ethiopian authorities. Kelala, a region in Ethiopia had more than six thousand children suffering from serious malnutrition.
Their company would collaborate with the corrupt dictators of Guatemala, specifically that of Manuela Estrada Cabrera that would help aid them in becoming the most powerful corporation in Latin America at the
Introduction Written and published in 2008 by Paul Gootenberg, History professor and Latin American studies at University of New York at Stony Brook, “Andean Cocaine: The Making of a Global drug” retraces the pivotal stages of the illicit cocaine trafficking, starting from the boundless coca fields in Latin America to the chemistry laboratories in Europe up until the streets of U.S. cities. The aim of this book review is to provide the reader with a short but detailed insight of what is the main content of the book, by paying particular attention to its structure, objectivity and style. Scope & Organisation Adopting a meticulous chronological approach, Gootenberg describes the infamous and complex untold history of cocaine, analysing and
Mexico’s drug cartels are the worst they have been in years, and all the problems stem from a lack of proper decision making from the government at every level . Since Colombia was taken away from the drug scene, Mexico’s cartels have made up for the slack and then some. Subsequently, cartels in Mexico also began to flourish at a time when Mexico was in the process of instituting a new form of government. Not only is Mexico trying to work out the kinks of their new democracy, but the cartels are pushing more drugs than ever before; Mexico needs to address this problem. To make matters worse, a number of Mexican officials are corrupt, unaccountable, or distrusted by the people.
Life in Mexico can be very harsh, many people outside of Mexico believe life in the country isn’t as bad as it seems. Over the years the country has changed but still face many problems. The Mexican drug war is still a highly supplied conflict between the Mexican army and drug cartels in Mexico. The country has been one of the main suppliers of illegal drugs that causes discrimination, drug trafficking and many deaths yearly. The question is, how has life in Mexico changed before and after the war on drugs?
Most Colombians are being forced out of their homes and forced to live on the streets. Some are threatened and harmed and are pulled and have to live on the streets. Paramilitaries will enter a region and start to execute local community leaders. This right is being broken by small armies destroying the civilians and also harming them and sometimes killing them. Other problems currently in Colombia are deforestation and the environmental issues.
The FARC has always managed to produce a high number of income through ransomes of kidnapping, international drug money, and illegal mining. On Council of Foreign Affairs, authors Danielle Renwick, and editor Stephanie Hanson state, “ InSight Crime, an online publication that specializes in organized crime in Latin America and Caribbean, put a conservative estimate at $200 million in 2012, while Colombian Defense Minister Juan Carlos Pinzon said the figure could be as high as $3.5 billion” (Renwick, F.E.C.L.G). The FARC’s biggest client, is the United States. According to Danielle Renwicks article, about sixty percent of the cocaine produced in Colombia is exported to the United States. According to a published article Jeremy McDermott, The FARC tax cocaine growers fifty perecent per kilo, buyers two hundred dollars per kilo, tax production a hundred dollars per kilo, and a flight tax that is also a hundred dollars per kilo.
For example, agencies have been established with the sole intent to manage drug use and distribution and technology has been exclusively developed to detect the presence of drugs. Yet, evidence has indicated that such exhaustive efforts have been relatively unsuccessful. First, it has been assumed that drugs have perpetuated violence in society and based on this rationale, it was believed that by the suppressing the pervasiveness of drugs that incidents of violence would simultaneously diminish. However, reality has failed to align with the expectations that had initially been anticipated. Research findings have suggested that the decriminalization of drugs would result in a less adversarial drug market in which conflicts have tended to arise among dealers as well as between dealers and buyers (Common Sense for Drug Policy, 2007, p. 21).
They don't regularly have an opportunity to associate with the general population they ensure aside from when they meet the casualties of wrongdoings submitted in the
Throughout the last 10 years, the Mexican Government has declared war on all of Mexico’s drug cartels and is using every option to win the fight. One of these options includes the dangerous Mexican military, which has caused many more problems than they have solved during this drug war. The Mexican Government’s use of military force to stop the drug cartels is not appropriate as the death toll mounts, the military is abusing the citizens’ human rights, and the cartels rage against the military, which causes more violence in the streets. The Mexican military is increasing the death ratio much higher than previous years.
This impact can be reduced by the company by putting more efforts and investment in development and research to improve and eliminate the side effects of their products without much damaging the environment (Monsanto, 2018). Furthermore, Monsanto can employ a team to regularly check whether the negative effects are still being possessed by their products and if it so then the authorities can be alarmed about this and suitable actions can be taken against this
An example, is the VOC. The VOC is a government organization formed by the Dutch. The VOC’s purpose was to make the people in Indonesia miserable and make them give up their land and resources. The Europeans came to Indonesia and affected its economy, religion, and art.
The national control system is the bureaucratic system that monitors any economic activity, in particular the one in charge of the fight against corruption in a specific economic sector. An example of a national control organization could be a public agency in charge of monitoring the activities of firms in a specific industry in a country. National control mechanisms are the methods by which social agents can encourage compliance at country level. Based on the work of Simons (1987, 1994, 1997), we define it as the formal and informal information-based routines and procedures used by governments to maintain or alter patterns in public and private organizational activities to reduce
Third parties can involve also international organisations and nongovernmental organisations (NGO). For example, the Organisation of African States (OAS) acted as a mediator in the Algerian-Moroccan border conflict of Western Sahara,