Hydrogen sulfide Essays

Hydrogen Sulfide undergoes covalent bonding – where two or more non-metal atoms are held together by one or more shared pairs of valence electrons. The atoms forming a covalent bond must have a relatively equal attraction for electrons (electronegativity). Hydrogen has an electronegativity of 2.2 and sulfur of 2.58. Covalent bonds tend to also have low melting and boiling points due to weak intermolecular forces which break down quite easily (BBC, 2014). Substances that are bonded covalently are

Grishma Patel Chloroplast Pigments and Colored Light Absorption Summary The purpose of executing this lab was to see how different wavelengths and colors of light are absorbed by chloroplast pigments. The goal was to see the variations of light dependant reactions of photosynthesis based on different types of light. Spinach was used by grinding it with acetone and acquire the thylakoids used in the experiment. DCIP was used in this experiment as the oxidizing agent that will turn blue to clear when

67g ZnCl8 l 3.07g-2.67gl / 2.67 x 100 = 14 % B Copper Sulfide Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 1.Mass of crucible, cover and copper 22.82g 21.04g 22.87g 2.Mass of crucible and cover 20.91g 20.61g 21.49g 3.Mass of

messengers or gasotransmitters. Gasotransmitters are a class above the receptor based signaling molecules as they are easily permeable across membranes and directly modify their intracellular targets.1,2 Nitric oxide (NO), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are the enzymatically produced gases with biological functions to maintain the cellular homeostasis.3 Nitric oxide was the first discovered gaseous messenger for its regulatory activity in the nervous system and further research led to

activates to hand carbon-hydrogen bonds (particularly alpha hydrogen’s) to go through a variety of substitution reactions.1 Carbonyl compounds can be explained by just four fundamental reaction types:  Nucleophilic additions  Nucleophilic acyl substitutions  α-Substitutions  Carbonyl condensations2 α-Substitutions: Alpha-substitution reactions take place at the site next to the carbonyl group the α-position and occupy the substitution of an α hydrogen atom by an electrophile

used for this study were AMD samples, NSW from natural sulfuric hot springs, K2Cr2O7 (0.25 N), sulfuric acid reagent (Ag2SO4, concentrated H2SO4), oxidizing/digesting solution (K2Cr2O7, concentrated H2SO4, HgSO4), standard solution of KHP/Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (HOOCC6H4COOK), Ferro Ammonium sulphate (FAS) 0.1 N, Ferroin indicators, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), HCl 6, standard solution of Iodine (I2) 0.025 N, sodium thiosulfate solution (Na2S2O3) 0.025N, 2% Starch Indicator, Natrium sulphate (Na2SO4)

Chlorides of group || cations contain (Cadmium chloride, Mercuric chloride, Copper chloride and Bismuth chloride). 1- Mercuric chloride HgCl2:- It's poisonous odorless white crystalline solid, very toxic compound, and it's slightly volatile at ordinary temperatures. Parent acid and base: Hydrochloric acid HCl + Hg(OH) 2 Uses:- *Antiseptic and disinfectant in insecticides, preservatives, and batteries. *Antibacterial. * Obsolete substance. Preparation: Mercuric chloride can be obtained

1. INTRODUCTION Coal gasification is a process for producing a mixture gas consisting mainly of methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) -from coal and water, air and / or oxygen. This gas mixture is called synthesis gas. Earlier, coal was gasified using old technology to produce coal gas (also known as the "town gas"), which is a fuel gas used previously for municipal lighting and heating before the advent of the commercial scale production

In organic and inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution reactions are the most well studied and useful class of reactions. These reactions can occur by a range of mechanisms, the two studied in this lab are the SN1 and SN2 reactions. In a nucleophilic substitution, the nucleophile is a electron rich chemical species which attacks the positive charge of an atom to replace a leaving group. Since nucleophiles donate electrons, they are defined as Lewis bases. The positive or partially positive

ABSTRACT The Diels-Alder reaction has been an area of great research interest with regards to enhancing enantioselectivity in the reaction by use of various catalysts and reaction conditions. INTRODUCTION In organic chemistry, a Diels-Alder reaction refers to a 4, 2 cycloaddition between a diene consisting of alternating double bonds and a substituted alkene (the dienophile) resulting in a substituted cyclohexene system. The reaction is often used to reliably control regioselective and enantioselective

Mariel Beauroyre 9-B A chemical bond is form with the joining of two or more atoms (when two atoms are joined they form molecules and compounds.) Which are being held together by the attraction (force attraction) of atoms through sharing as well as exchanging electrons. Chemical bonds are found in molecules, crystals, or in solid metals. They also organized the atoms in order structures. But why are they important you may ask? They’re important because every material or substance in the world

3.2.4 The catalyst concentration on epoxidation of cyclooctene using the investigated VO-complexes The effect of the catalyst was discovered by insertion of different molar ratios of the complex catalysts (L1VO, L2VO, L3VO and L4VO) to cyclooctene in the oxidation process (0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 : 1, respectively) using aqueous H2O2 in acetonitrile at 90 °C for 2 h (the optimized reaction conditions). In another words, the effect of the amounts of the catalysts related to the amount of the substrate

“Gunpowder” Introduction: Gunpowder, also referred to as Black Powder, is used as a chemical explosive. It is in use since early times. It is made up of three different materials, sulphur, charcoal and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). Charcoal and sulphur, both serve as fuels, and potassium nitrate is used as an oxidizer in it. Because of its burning capabilities and the amount of gas and heat that it produces, gunpowder has been utilized as a propellant in firearms mainly and in the pyrotechnic composition

Isatin The 1H-indole-2, 3-dione (Isatin), possesses an indole nucleus with two carbonyl groups; the keto and lactum group at positions C-2 and C-3. Isatin is an orange to red solid and is mostly used for synthesis of heterocyclic compounds [1]. The chemical structure of Isatin is shown in (Figure 1). Figure 1: Structure of 1H-indole-2, 3-dione (Isatin) In nature, isatin is present in plants of the genus Isatis, in Calanthe discolor lindl and in Couroupita guianensis

2.1 Chemistry of Bioluminescence Bioluminescence is the production of light as a result of a chemical reaction without the use of heat within a living organism. For bioluminescence to occur usually two substances and a by-product such as oxygen are required. In the majority of bioluminescent reactions, the chemical reaction which leads to bioluminescence is the oxidation of a molecule called luciferin. Luciferin, which is the substrate in this chemical reaction, is the chemical in the reaction which

alcohol with many commercial applications, presently finding its largest use in the pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and chemical industries [2]. Glycerol also can be employed as the raw material to produce variety types of chemical products such as hydrogen, ethanol, propanol, acrolein, 1,3- propanediol, lactic acid, succnic acid, citric acid, polyesters

Chemistry Extended Essay “How does pH affect the concentration of trihalomethanes formed in a sample of reservoir water when it is disinfected with chlorine or chloramine and to what extent do both chloramine and free chlorine decompose when exposed to ultraviolet light?” Abstract This investigation aims to find out how pH affects the concentration of trihalomethanes formed in a sample of reservoir water when it is disinfected with chlorine or chloramine and the extent to which both

is the changes of substances or molecule from a solid state to a liquid state. Another words for melting are latent heat of fusion. When heat is transferred, the temperature will rise or fall typically. But there are also cases that heat does not change at all when heat is transferred. So this type of heat is called latent heat (Figura and Teixeira, 2007). So latent heat of fusion is also the enthalpy of fusion of a substances and molecule, or in another words is the changes of enthalpy of a substances

The dependent variable is the rate of decomposition of water which is measured by the volume of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas in cm3 The independent variable is the voltage here as I increase it from 9-14 Room temperature was 24 rtp and I carried out the whole experiment in the same room. If the temperature increases the rate of electrolysis will increase

IONIC EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY This is a form of affinity chromatography that allows for the separation of product and contaminants through the use of specific electrical charges produced by the individual molecules. Resins are applied to depending on the compound one wishes to remove ie if your compound is negatively or positively charged. This system is specifically used after one of the three previously stated methods of separation and an ultrafiltration/diafiltrtion step as it is costly and therefore