CHAPTER 3
MATERIALS AND METHOD
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Plant Sample Fresh and apparently uninfected leaves of Musa acuminata plant (Berangan) were identified and collected from Ayer Lanas, Jeli Kelantan. The selection of the leaves is based on the uniform colour and the maturity stage.
3.1.2 Chemical and Equipment Chemical and equipment used for this research were methanol, acetone, ethanol, distilled water, hexane (Merck), ethyl acetate (Merck), acetonitrile (Merck), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl agent (Sigma Aldrich), sodium carbonate Anhydrous (grade AR, SCHMIDT), sodium nitrite, sodium hydroxide, silica gel 60 (size: 0.063-0.20mm, Merck), ascorbic acid (Merck), gallic acid (Sigma Aldrich), aluminium chloride (Sigma Aldrich), vacuum pump, heating bath (BUCHI), rotary evaporator (BUCHI), TLC silica gel plate 60F245 (Aluminium, Merck), UV-spectrometer (Thermo scientific), column (size: 14/23, 24/29, FAVORIT), vortex (VELP), ultra-violet radiation (230V- 50/60Hz), ultra-sonic cleanser (JEIOTECH) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (SHIMADZU, Japan). 3.2 Method
3.2.1 Preparation of Fresh
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This spectrophotometric assay uses the stable radical 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a reagent. 2 mL of several different concentrations of the samples were mixed with 2 mL of 0.004% DPPH in methanol. The mixture was shaken vigorously and then immediately stored in the dark for 30 minutes at room temperature before placed in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to monitor the decrease in absorbance at 517 nm. Methanol was used as a blank and methanol mixed with DPPH in methanol was used as a positive control. Ascorbic acid, a stable antioxidant, was used as a synthetic reference. Analysis was carried out in
The Bean Trees tackles such huge issues as divorce, child abuse, and illegal immigration through Taylor Greer, a girl from rural Kentucky who, while trying to start a new life for herself outside of her home town of Pittman County, ends up with an abandoned child who was molested in her previous home, and thus is reluctant to speak. Taylor names the baby girl Turtle, and when her car breaks down in Tucson, and she can’t afford to fix it, she decides to live there, renting from a recently divorced mom named Lou Ann. The Bean Trees is beautiful book about Taylor trying her best to raise Turtle despite the challenges presented. The book goes on to criticizes the United States’ immigration policies through the story of Esperanza and Estevan. Esperanza
As a result of searching the existing literature, the researcher was able to obtain data that correlated exceptionally well with the research topic. Indeed, the researcher gathered pertinent information from secondary sources; however, the primary sources of data were needed to draw a logical conclusion of the research at hand. So, the next step was major section III, Research Methodology. Being
The reference material used to construct this investigation has been drawn from a collection of primary and secondary
Clive Waswa Ms. Meara Honors English 16 December 2016 Literary Analysis: The impact of Poverty “The Poverty line doesn't measure Poverty, it measures extreme Poverty," (Shapiro Marcy). Barbra Kingsolver’s book The Bean Trees, Focusses on the social justice issue Poverty. The Main character Taylor Leaves Kentucky, to escape poverty, she was determined to be different from all others who dropped out of school and had children. She dreamt of being different and achieving something with her life. In the The Bean Trees, Barbra Kingsolver challenges the idea that people in poverty are lazy and never work.
ABSTRACT To catalyze a reaction, an enzyme will grab on (bind) to one or more reactant molecules. In this experiment we examined how increasing the volume of the extract added to the reaction would affect the rate of the reaction. The enzyme used was horseradish peroxidase which helps catalyze hydrogen peroxide. Using different pH levels, the absorbance rate of the reaction was measured to see at which condition the enzyme worked best. The rates of absorption were calculated using a spectrophotometer in 20 second intervals up to 120 seconds.
This experiment was started to measure the height equivalent of a HETP column to calculate twenty theoretical plates. The company need this information to separate the cyclohexane from the toluene. The separation was accomplished by the use of fractional distillation and gas chromatography. The process yielded one plate for the17.6cm column meaning, that the porcelain beryl saddles as a packing material are ineffective. Although the results were found to be inefficient this may have been due to an error in the calculation, or the amount of time per temperature spent collecting the fractions.
In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.
Hypothetical Method in Action: “The Intelligent Plant” The article, “The Intelligent Plant” by Michael Pollan, explores the intricate ways of plants and the human understanding of how they function without a neurological brain. It navigates the questions of whether plants can think, learn, be conscious, or feel pain, citing several studies and experiments conducted to prove these concepts. One mentioned study conducted by Monica Gagliano focused on the Mimosa pudica, a plant species with observable reaction speeds, to test the ability of plants to learn. Pollan used this and other experiments to prove plants exhibit intelligent behavior.
There are many symbols in A Raisin in the Sun worth describing, but one that particularly stands out is Mama’s plant. It is old and barely a substantial piece of nature, yet it makes many vital appearances in the play. The small plant seems to personify Mama’s stubborn nature in its intent on survival despite its close to death appearance. It also represents Mama’s dream that seems close to being crushed, yet never dies. As a whole, the plant is an extension of Mama’s character and an important symbol in the play.
INTRODUCTION Plants can sense many factors around them such as temperature changes, harsh winds and even the human touch, but there are continuous debates among scientists about whether or not plants can hear or respond to sound stimuli. Plants have no specialised structures like most living organisms, but many studies have found that plants can recognise the sound of predators through tiny vibrations in their leaves. It is similar to how the human immune system works; the first experience with insects or bacteria can help plants defend themselves better in future attacks by the same predator. So, a plant might not respond to a hungry caterpillar the first time it encounters one, but the next time it encounters one, the plant will increase
The book "Flowers Of Algernon" by Daniel Keyes is a science fiction short story based on a man named Charlie, who has a learning disadvantage. He gets a chance to mend himself by getting surgery. The surgery was a dangerous idea which leads to his death. Charlie was better off before the surgery because it changed Charlie's life by making him a miserable and grievous person. One of the reasons Charlie felt this way was because the knowledge he obtained from the surgery was short-term.
Women's roles have changed throughout time. Both The Chrysanthemums, written by John Steinback, and The Story of an Hour, by Kate Choppin, are stories that use both direct and indirect characterization on women and their roles in their time. Throughout The Chrysanthemums, there are examples of our protagonist Elisa Allen struggling as a woman in the 1930s Great Depression society. In The Story of an Hour, it focuses on the fact that the protagonist, Mrs. Louise Mallard, feels oppressed and stripped of her freedom as a person. In addition, these two women grew from their pain, but were still seeking for more.
The 3 concentrations of enzymes were 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml, and 2.0 ml of turnip extract, while the substrate consisted of 0.1ml, 0.2 ml, and 0.4 ml of hydrogen peroxide. In a separate tube, the control was made up of turnip extract and guaiacol, known as the color reagent. This was recorded the absorbance every 20 seconds for 3 minutes.
The cool, upland air, flooding through the everlasting branches of the lively tree, as it casts a vague shadow onto the grasses ' fine green. Fresh sunlight penetrates through the branches of the tree, illuminating perfect spheres of water upon its green wands. My numb and almost transparent feet are blanketed by the sweetness of the scene, as the sunlight paints my lips red, my hair ebony, and my eyes honey-like. The noon sunlight acts as a HD camera, telling no lies, in the world in which shadows of truth are the harshest, revealing every flaw in the sight, like a toddler carrying his very first camera, taking pictures of whatever he sees. My head looks down at the sight of my cold and lifeless feet, before making its way up to the reaching arms of an infatuating tree, glowing brightly virescent at the edges of the trunk, inviting a soothing, tingling sensation to my soul.
Introduction Plants are a major necessity in the balance of nature, people’s lives, and our terrain. We may not realize it, but plants are the ultimate source of food for almost 95% of the world population so says the National Group of Food. It’s a fact that over 7,000 species of plants are being consumed today. Plants are one of the reasons that we get clean water; as they help regulate the water cycle.