Artificial Intelligence: Annotated Bibliography

For children with learning disabilities, the classroom can be an intimidating place. Renowned learning disabilities expert Richard Lavoie explains why in the film (F.A.T. City) In this film psychologists, teachers, parents, and children including his son are asked to sit on the other side of the teacher's desk. Through a number of simulations and different activities as models (for example, telling a story without using any words that contain the letter N). He even required them to recite aloud and complete timed spelling and writing activities and it appeared as though some of the teacher were starting to get frustrated. Richard Lovie yelled at some of the participants, reprimanded them, mocked them, interrupted them and most of all embarrassed them. By saying ("Are you trying to be funny?" "Try harder!" "Pay attention!" "Why can't you do this? Everyone else can.”) Some of the participants in this film experienced the same frustration, anxiety, pain and tension that children with special needs do on a daily basis.

As for her son he uses Siri as a way to better his ability to have real conversations with others. She continues to explain how it was successful and her son was able to carry on a logical conversation with her for the first time in his thirteen years of existence. Achievements like these have been seen by SRI and have got them thinking of new ways to better virtual assistants. These virtual assistants their hoping will carry on even more complex conversations than they already are. In fact children won’t even have to ask for information because the assistant will anticipate what they like. Their hoped improvements will also include a better way for engagement. They are hoping to program the assistants to talk in such a way that the autistic listener will be more receptive. Aside from this the assistant will teach the learner how to look the person their talking to right into their eyes when

Autism Spectrum Disorder is a brain-based developmental disorder that involves multiple abnormal perceptual, cognitive, linguistic and social behaviors. With rates of Autism Spectrum Disorder rising, it is important that we improve our understanding of the causes of the disorder and become more culturally aware and sensitive to screening for the disorder in order to find effective interventions. Understanding of the current clinical picture, etiology and treatment of ASD will be discussed.

Technology is becoming extremely, in a way, invasive in our everyday lives and many movies have made sci-fi fantasies about technology/robots taking over, such as Terminator or Wall-E. Although, is that really the road we are heading down with the advances in technology and how much we use it? In a sense, maybe. In the article “Robot Invasion” by Charlie Gillis, he discusses the controversial argument about how robots are becoming complex enough to take over certain employment positions that are held by hard working humans. Gillis does not seem to take a side in the article, but instead, he argues both sides and gives some pros and cons for and against robots. Such as, increased efficiency for certain jobs such as assembly lines, but a decrease in job opportunities for humans. I agree with

Ninety-five percent of the people in the United States have some sort of tie with mobile technology. Knowing this, as you walk down the halls of our school nearly all of the people you see rely on technology--and the people who do their best to push the limits of what it, and we, can do are all too often portrayed inaccurately. In today’s society, stereotypes can spread like wildfire and be just as hard to “put out.” Resulting, this is likely due to the fact that stereotypes are based on some sort of truth--coming from somewhere. Moreover, stereotyping does not imply that all members of a group are seen in these ways, only that a “typical” member of a group can be thrown into such judgements, but still possess the obscure characteristics of

In Alan Turing’s paper Computing Machinery and Intelligence, he proposes a thought experiment that would eventually be tested, and even later be beaten. He describes an experiment where a man and a woman are in two different rooms and an outside observer has to guess at the sexes of the participants. He then suggests that one of the participants be replaced with a computer. Once humanity is unable to tell the difference and will guess that the computer is human at the same rate that it will guess that it is a machine will answer Turing’s thesis of, “Can machines think?’ (434). Turing himself unknown to him, created a great race to make a better and more complex artificial intelligence with this paper. The article since 1950 has been cited over 10,000 times. The way this article revolutionized has not been matched by any other paper in the computing world.

Likewise, the Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory is also a very useful model for developing any systematic approach for nurturing and training learners and respecting their individual needs and strengths within a classroom setting. According to Emmer and Evertson (2009) multiple intelligence aids teachers in easily creating more personalized and diversified instructional experiences. It offers the teachers to help students become empowered by extending and promoting cognitive bridging techniques based on the seven intelligences, by fostering in them a deep metacognitive understanding and advancing suggestions for a broad array of skills and techniques to deal with different types of learners. This theory is summarized by Howard Gardner in his book Frames of Mind (2006) namely: Linguistcs, Logical Mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. Using these techniques can help create ‘instructional bridges’ into difficult concepts. They may

Goike, J. (2007, June 22), Autism from a Personal Perspective: A True Story of Beating the Odds and Winning, Retrieved from http://www.beachcenter.org/research/fullarticles/pdf/pbs19_blueprint_for_schoolwide_pbs8_07.pdf

Many jobs have become easier by being replaced by robots. Robot are not just the idea of talking mechanical parts as we see in futuristic movies. There are a variety of different types of robotic machines, great majority of them appear in factories and in science technology work fields. Robots in factories help replace a dangerous parts of a job. However, there have been different perspective with robots replacing jobs. As technology and robotics progress, people continue to debate how jobs and careers could be affected. Robotic replacement might not have a negative effect , especially since it has helped our development to be able to survive.

Individual Education programs focuses on assistive services that can help enhance capabilities of disabled children. The author says, assistive technology has estimated that there are over 20,000 different assistive devices v to serve children with various needs ,of various ages, a and demonstrating various function levels Student successes directly related to the appropriate device selection”(Davis, 16)Therefore, assistive technology focused on mathematics, communication skills and reading. The author talks about how schools are not well trained for assistive technology. Also, that there is not a high percentage of assistive technology being offered in schools. For example, schools in the suburbs have the lowest technology assistance. Also, assistive technology would increase speech skills and physical therapy can help student interaction. “individuals with Disabilities Education Act require school districts to consider assistive technology for all children with Scalia need as a vehicle to access the general education curriculum”().Individual Education program focus on tools and services that will help enhance children functional; capabilities. “Assitive service is any service that assists a child with a disability in the selection of an assistive technology .Such terms include,evulation of child needs in functional evaluation, providing assistive

This is going to be a massive social challenge. There will be fewer and fewer jobs that a robot cannot do better [than a human]. These are not things that I wish will happen. These are simply things that I think probably will happen.” — Elon Musk

The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, authored by Nick Bostrom and Eliezer Yudkowsky, as a draft for the Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, introduces five (5) topics of discussion in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and ethics, including, short term AI ethical issues, AI safety challenges, moral status of AI, how to conduct ethical assessment of AI, and super-intelligent Artificial Intelligence issues or, what happens when AI becomes much more intelligent than humans, but without ethical constraints? This topic of ethics and morality within AI is of particular interest for me as I will be working with machine learning, mathematical modeling, and computer simulations for my upcoming summer internship at the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Norco, California. After I complete my Master Degree in 2020 at Northeastern University, I will become a full time research engineer working at this navy laboratory. At the suggestion of my NSWC mentor, I have opted to concentrate my master’s degree in Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and Algorithm Development, technologies which are all strongly associated with AI. Nick Bostrom, one of the authors on this article, is Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at Oxford University and the Director at the Future of Humanity Institute within the Oxford Martin School. Eliezer Yudkowsky, second author on this article, is a Research Fellow at the

When new technologies are integrated into the classroom both teachers and students need to become accustomed to it before they can fully reap the benefits. Because of this, "teachers' first technology projects generate excitement but often little content learning. Often it takes a few years until teachers can use technology effectively in core subject areas (Goldman, Cole, & Syer, 1999)."

I believe that the ability to invent, innovate and discover is what has propelled man to the echelons of success. Throughout my life, I have been driven by the desire to “create”, a capability that transcends the passive acquisition of knowledge. It is always the unknown path that has enthralled me more than known terrain. In a world where everything from fighter jets to elevators, interactive graphic displays to digital watches, is driven by computers, I found it difficult not to get fascinated by the technology involved. In view of such a global scenario I have decided to pursue my Masters degree in ‘Computer Science’, which I consider as a

We all know that technology refers to advancements in the methods and tools we use to learn. In the classroom, technology can encompass all kinds of tools from low-tech pencil, paper, and chalkboard, to the use of presentation software, or high-tech tablets, online collaboration and conferencing tools, and more. The newest technologies allow us to try things in physical and virtual classrooms that were not possible before. Today, I cannot imagine how difficult it is to teach without technology and how hard it is to learn without it. Technology plays a major part in our lives as students.