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Essay On Azotobacter

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Beijerinck(1901) firstly reported, isolate and describe the species of Azotobacter such as A.chroococcum and A.beijerinckii. The former species was described as a soil inhabiting species and the later as a water borne organism. Sengupta, R.K. (1990) reported that the isolated Azotobacter species had ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in pure culture.Mulder and brontonegoro (1974) described several other species of Azotobacter i.e. A.chroococcum and A.paspaii. Subramoney and Abraham(1962) isolates Azotobacter chroococcum strains from red loamy soils of India. Line and Loult (1973) reported that the Azotobacters are the most intensively investigated heterotrophic group. They are the aerobic bacteria possessing highest respiratory …show more content…

Nitrogen fixation requires molybdenum ions, but they can be partially or completely replaced by vanadium ions. If atmospheric nitrogen is not fixed, the source of nitrogen can alternatively be nitrates, ammonium ions, or amino acids. The optimal pH for the growth and nitrogen fixation is 7.0–7.5, but growth is sustained in the pH range from 4.8 to 8.5.[30] Azotobacter can also grow mixotrophically, in a molecular-nitrogen-free medium containing mannose; this growth mode is hydrogen-dependent. Hydrogen is available in the soil, thus this growth mode may occur in …show more content…

The process of nitrogen fixation requires an influx of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate. Nitrogen fixation is highly sensitive to the presence of oxygen, so Azotobacter developed a special defensive mechanism against oxygen, namely a significant intensification of metabolism that reduces the concentration of oxygen in the cells. Also,a special nitrogenase-protective protein protects nitrogenase and is involved in protecting the cells from oxygen. Mutants not producing this protein are killed by oxygen during nitrogen fixation in the absence of a nitrogen source in the medium. Homocitrate ions play a certain role in the processes of nitrogen fixation by

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