Hydrochloric Acid Synthesis Lab Report

Amorphization of Indomethacin tablets through microwave radiation

1. Introduction

Biopharmaceutical classification system

Class I

High solubility

High permeability Class II

Low solubility

High permeability

Class III

High solubility

Low permeability Class IV

Low solubility

Low permeability

A majority of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the research and development have poor aqueous solubility. However, the poor dissolution rate characteristic of relatively insoluble BCS class II substances has long been a problem for the pharmaceutical industry. When an insoluble or poorly soluble drug is orally administered, the rate and extent of absorption is controlled by the dissolution rate in the gastro-intestinal fluids. The oral

During the analysis of the samples a zero-background sample holder were used. A method with an acceleration voltage of 45 kV and a current of 40 mA were used. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

The determination of the glass transition temperature (Tg, midpoint) was performed by using a TA Discovery DSC (TA-Instruments) attached with a TA Instruments Quench Cooling Accessory (Q Series). Approximately 2−6 mg of sample was weighed into a non-hermetically sealed Tzero aluminum pan with lid, which then was crimped and placed into the sample furnace. An empty reference pan was also placed on to the reference furnace. The measurements were performed with a heating rate of 3o/min, a modulated temperature amplitude of 1oC for a period of 50sec, nitrogen as purge gas and a temperature range 10 °C to 140 °C. Gordon & Taylor equation

For binary miscible mixtures of drug-polymer, the glass transition temperature (Tg) can be determined by Gordon-Taylor equation: T_g=(w_1 T_g1+w_2 T_g2)/(w_1+kw_2

It is performed by loading a known weight sample on to a mass pan. The sample then undergoes a heating step at a constant rate and the resultant mass change is plotted against temperature or time. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed using a TA Discovery TGA (TA-Instruments). A pan base was loaded onto the mass stirrup of the TGA and tared. A small sample of approximately 2−6 mg of sample were held into a platinum pan. This was then transferred onto the TGA and the TGA furnace was raised. A typical heating run consisted of heating the sample from 20 °C to 120 °C at a rate 20 °C/min (Weuts et al., 2004). The average loss in water content was calculated for each sample. All the studies were done in