Cassia alata Linn- also known as Akapulko in the Philippines- is an indigenous plant found in Northern Australia, Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia (Parsons and Cuthbertson, 1992) However, it is commonly spread across America and around Africa, Nigeria. Wide range of sorts of cassia were reported to have Anti-tumors,anti-pyretic and anti-oxidant properties. We chose a specie of cassia that was attributed to hold anti-fungal, anti-microbial and antibacterial therapeutic components-Cassia alata Linn.
Wild Senna (Cassia alata Lin)belongs to the Family: Fabaceae, Genus: Cassia, Species: alata. This plant is proclaimed to be an effective herbal medicine for treating skin diseases such as scabies and eczema both in man and animal (Igoli et
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This study was embarked upon so as to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Cassia alata in the management of bacterial infectious diseases. The leaves of the plant were collected, dried and extracted using water and 95% ethanol. The extracts were used for evaluating antibacterial activity against five clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria. The result of this study showed a dose dependent antibacterial activity of both aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts on the five selected clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria.(Cuthberson,1990) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING CASSIA ALATA AS AN ANTIBACTERIAL Antibiotics are one of our most important weapons in fighting bacterial infections and have greatly benefited the health-related quality of human life since their introductio. It is essential to investigate newer drugs with lesser resistance. Drugs derived from natural sources play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases.It has been tested that cassia alata are good supplement for other antibacterial candidates,it may lead to less expense than other products. Cassia alata is commonly used as an antibacterial and anti-fungal treatment for various skin diseases that includes;tinea infections,ringworms ,aczema,scabies, insect bites,and all sorts of skin itchiness.Cassia alata leaves are safe for most adults, however the seeds should not be taken for long term.It may …show more content…
Plant Material and Extraction Leaves of C. alata will be collected from Rizal High School. Water, methanol, n-hexane and acetone will be used for the extraction. Fifty grams of the sample will be weighed and boiled in 150 cm of each solvent for 5 minutes(Tendencia,2004). The content will be soaked for 48 hours. The extract will then be poured out and cooled down for 24 hours to intensify the liquid distilled essence.
II. Bacteria Test The bacteria that will be used in this study is Staphylococcus aureus. This specie will be provided by the testing center.
III. Disc Diffusion will be applied to determine the antimicrobial activity of the Cassia alata leaf extracts. Purified extracts will be sterilized by filtration using sintered glass filter. This will then be stored at 4 C. To determine the zone of inhibition, pure Gram positive will be taken as the standard antibiotic. The extracts will be screened for it 's antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. After, these plates will be left at room temperature for an hour, and petri dishes will be heated at 37 C for 24 hours. The measurement of the zone of inhibition will be in
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
The purpose of this lab report is to employ a myriad of skills, tools and, methods learned throughout this semester to perform the appropriate tests for the identification of the assigned unknown bacteria. Add more background information here!!! The most important tools and techniques used during this identification include aseptic technique, microscopic examination and, the use of selective and differential media. Aseptic technique is an important tool for microbiologists. It is imperative that aseptic technique is maintained throughout the length of any test to avoid any cross-contamination that may lead to inaccurate results.
I expect to learn the biochemical differences in bacteria from this lab. Also, how to identify different species of bacteria. Material & Methods For the first day of the practical, an unknown specimen was provided
This lab used Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria (Kok , 19840). This is because Escherichia coli can be simply grown in Luria broth or on agar, and also has a comparatively small genome of five million base pairs.
Introduction Our world is composed of many bacteria’s’ that can either help or destroy us. Therefore, its’s imperative to learn and study them. The purpose of the lab was to put into action the methods that have been learned in the laboratory to determine our unknown bacteria. Bacteria’s can have different features, shapes, and or arrangements that help microbiologist determined their role in our life (whether they are good or bad for humans).
Staphylococcus epidermidis is the organism that was identified based on the tests that I had conducted. The tests that I used to identify this organism were the coagulase test and the catalase test. My bacterium was beta hemolytic as well. First, a gram stain had to be done to determine whether the organism was a gram positive organism or a gram negative organism. This determined which set of tests that had to be done.
In the laboratory, identification of an unknown bacterium is often necessary. In the lab, a random sample consisting of three different bacteria was selected. The sample contained one gram-positive, one gram-negative paracolon, and one gram-negative coliform. The purpose of the experiment is to identify each of the three species that the mixture contained. After receiving an unknown mixture, the sample was streaked for isolation onto TSA, blood agar, and MacConkey plates.
The unknown bacteria was then tested on multiple selective and differential media. Growth was present on the MacConkey Agar and the colonies were the same color as the plate, which told me my bacteria was gram negative and did not ferment lactose. There was no growth on the Mannitol Salt Agar, and this told me the unknown was not salt tolerant and did not
In Hindu religious mythology the tree is adored as the Earth Mother as its natural product is thought to be so feeding as to be the medical attendant of humankind (Onions,1994). In India, it is regular to eat gooseberries saturated with salt water and turmeric to make the harsh natural products satisfactory. There are two assortments of Amla - developed (gramya) and wild (vanya). The wild amla is little, while developed amla is huge, smooth and succulent. Synthetic creation of the amla natural product contains over 80% of water.
Staphylococcus Aureus belongs to the extremely common bacteria of microflora of the skin and mucous membranes of the humans. These pathogens cause many infections, including superficial and deep purulent infections, poisoning, urinary tract infection etc. In the US, staphylococcus bacteria are supposed to be the leading cause of sepsis, postoperative wound and prosthesis infections. In addition, staphylococcus belongs to one of the leading causes of bacterial food poisoning. Staphylococcus Aureus is one of the most dangerous human pathogen.
Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to apply all knowledge gained from the entire semester while in the lab and apply it to be able to identify an unknown genus and species gram positive bacteria. Each student was given a petri dish with an unknown Gram positive bacterium inside. The petri dish with the unknown gram positive bacteria that was used in my experiment was #8. The possible bacteria inside my petri dish could be any of the following: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium species, Corynebacterium species, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae Hypothesis
After a gram stain was done unknown #257 was identified as a gram positive organism because when observed under the microscope the organism appeared purple with cocci in clusters. The organism was also catalase positive which means that it produced enzyme catalase and bubbled when hydrogen peroxide was added to it. Three test were conducted based on the result of the gram staining procedure. Blood agar with a Novobiocin disk was chosen as well as DNase (DNA) and Mannitol Salts (MSA) agar. The Blood agar is a bright red, opaque plate and the streaking or the inoculation technique was a modified streaking for isolation with a heavy quadrant one.
After 48 hours, I observed different growth patterns around the disks. I measured the zone of inhibition of each antibiotic and document them on Microbiology task 3
Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining.
The media used in this experiment was Trypticase nitrate broth. The reagents used (A and B) were sulfanilic acid and alpha-naphthylamine (respectively). Using aseptic technique, the bacterium (16A and 16B) were inoculated into labeled broth test tubes. The tubes were incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees Celsius. When the incubation was complete 5 drops of reagent A and 5 drops of reagent B were added to each of the broths.