Biodiesel Fossil Fuel

1. Introduction
Raising uncertainty about global energy production and supply, environmental concerns due to the use of fossil fuels and the high price of petroleum based products are the main reasons for invention of alternatives to petroleum based products. The global supply of petroleum based products from the conventional sources is improbable to satisfy the growth in energy demand over the next quarter century [1]. One of the main driving force for biodiesel widespread is the emission of greenhouse gases (CO2 being the major one). In this perspective, considerable attention has been given towards the production of biodiesel as a diesel substitute. The use of waste cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock reduces the cost of biodiesel production

Biodiesel is chiefly made by transesterification of oils or by esterification of free fatty acids with alcohols. The big hotels, restaurants, dairy industries and vegetable oil industries are more suitable outlet for biodiesel feedstock collection. Existing diesel engines requires little or no changes in engine model to use biodiesel blends as fuel. Biodiesel acts as solvent in diesel engines, it will clear many diesel sediments that have cumulated in fuel tank. It may cause initial fuel filter choking but continued use of biodiesel will not cause an increased frequency of filter changes. Biodiesel extends the life of engine. Biodiesel has excellent lubricating properties that reduce the wear and tear on vital engine parts. Use of biodiesel or biodiesel blends instead of petrodiesel in engines will considerably reduce unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter from tail pipe emissions. It will also virtually eliminate sulfur oxides and sulfates which are major contributors to acid rain. Nitrogen oxide emissions may somewhat increase, but can be remedied with newer low-emission diesel engines. Usage of biodiesel will allow a balance to be sought between agriculture, economic development and the

Therefore, it is necessary to find the ways to minimize the total production cost of biodiesel. In this context, methods that can reduce the costs of raw materials as well as the energy consumption are of special concern. The use of waste cooking oils (WCO) is one of attractive options to reduce the raw material cost [10]. Furthermore, by using waste cooking oils as feedstock in biodiesel production, in addition to their positive influence in reducing the final cost of biodiesel, serious environmental pollution problems causing from these waste oils can be eliminated. However, the physical and chemical properties of the feedstock significantly influence biodiesel production reaction as well as fuel properties. Because of this, in order to obtain fuel quality biodiesel, the feedstocks’ properties to be processed must be controlled in detail prior to transesterification reaction