Abstract
A literature review was conducted to answer the following evidence-based research question "What are the effects of horizontal violence in the workplace on nurses and patient care?" The review includes a systematic review, two qualitative reviews, one quantitative review and a mixed method review that will aid in answering the research question while focusing on the effects of horizontal violence on nurses and what interventions could possibly be used to prevent this type of violence in the workplace. These studies were retrieved through various electronic databases in which will be discussed in the remainder of the literature review. The literature that was used were all published within the last five years with four of them being published in the United States and one from the United Kingdom. Information regarding the reports such as research limitations, level of evidence, research method and design are included in the discussion and implications of nursing. The literature review found that nurse on nurse bullying does indeed effect nurses in a physical and emotional way as well as effecting the adequacy of patient care.
Effects of Horizontal Violence in the Workplace on Nurses and Patient Care
Introduction
Nurses spend approximately 12 hours a day 3-4 times a week working in either a hospital, clinic, or some sort
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A study was done to view just how much horizontal violence could affect patient safety and it was found that there was an increase in patient falls and a delay in care due to nurses not communicating to one another or not wanting to help a fellow coworker when asked
The bill was referred back to committee and was reintroduced in October of 2013 as House Bill 1746. This bill was referred to as the “Nurse Violence Prevention Act.” The goals and objectives of the bill require Pennsylvania hospitals and other health care facilities to take pro-active steps to protect nurses and other healthcare workers from violence on the job. The bill will require hospitals to assess the security risks in their facilities, find ways to create a safer workplace and help victims of violence report incidents. This bill was designed to help facilities develop strategies to address it’s own safety risks, such as; training level of security personnel, building design and lighting, staffing levels, and a hospital culture of safety (Cong.
The ANA Scope defines a healthy environment as safe, satisfying, and empowering (ANA, 2015). There are factors that can create changes in the workplace that may result as a barrier that prevent the best patient care and health of the nurse. A shortage of nurses can be one of the factors that impedes a healthy environment. Nursing shortages have been linked to increased mortality, staff violence, accidents or injuries, cross infection, and adverse post-op events (McNeil & Sharpe & Benbow, 2012). Staff violence would definitely affect the environment because this would cause a disruption because of the lack of respect in the teamwork that the nurses are supposed to participate in to provide quality
Pretrial discovered that 26 other patients had died at the defendant’s first hospital while the nurse’s care (Pozgar & Santucci, 2015, p. 120, para. 3). Although there were no eyewitnesses, she left a trail that lead back to her to prove that she murdered the 12 patients. In order to prevent such criminal acts from happening in the hospital setting, there are many actions that hospitals should take to reduce the risk of violence. When hiring hospital staff, there should be investigation of each applicant’s background.
Introduction The prevention of patient-to-patient assault in an inpatient psychiatric unit is essential for the safety of patients and staff (Perez, 2014). The aim of this quantitative pilot study is to decrease patient-on-patient assaults which, in the long run, may improve patient safety during hospitalization (Staggs, 2015). This chapter discusses the study design and population plan and describes procedures for implementing the project, data collection, data analysis, the institutional review board (IRB) process, and challenges that may occur with initiating the quality improvement project. Design
“While working at a hospital as a Registered nurse, I was being bullied every day at work I became withdrawn, severely depressed, I would break down and cry every day after work. It was a nightmare,” explained Nurse Jackie. Horizontal bullying should not be neglected it is a life-threatening problem affecting the healthcare. Nurse to nurse bullying in the workplace can have an impact on new nurses, the treatment of the patients, and lack of job satisfaction. Imagine being a nurse and additionally feeling nervous about taking care of a challenging patient or meticulously achieving all of the medical records.
Imagine being a newly graduated nurse and landing a job on your dream unit. There is this one nurse who likes to taunts the new nurses. You began to realize that she does things to make you uneasy and you began to feel like the target of workplace bullying. Horizontal Violence has become a newly coined termed to further define the concept of bullying in the workplace. According to Becher and Visovsky (2012), Horizontal Violence is described as “an act of hostility that creates an undesirable work environment that weakens teamwork in the clinical setting”.
Horizontal Violence in Nursing Nursing is a rewarding and growing profession. Yearly, there are about 155,000 new graduate nurses (Changes in, N.D.). Despite this, many organizations are still under the stress of understaffing. This can be due to a concept best known as horizontal violence in nursing.
Kantek & Gezer (2009) has indicated that over 50% of the students frequently and 80% occasionally experienced conflicts. Some student nurses reported that they had experienced aggression and bullying in clinical settings from staff nurses, nursing managers, and patients and their families. Nursing students are particularly inexperienced, immature and unprepared to manage conflict and response in avoiding way frequently in conflict situations (Pines et al., 2014). Therefore, more attention and support should be provided to student nurses due to their inability to effectively manage the conflicts they
Violence against healthcare providers is a significant problem that has been receiving growing attention. Incidents of workplace violence are experienced by nurses and physicians on a day-to-day basis, especially in emergency departments. The corollary of this phenomenon has become a significant matter due to the psychological stress it is placing on healthcare providers, hence affecting their efficiency and productivity. We may often undermine the consequences of workplace violence, but studies show that it may cause distress, apathy, rage, disappointment, helplessness, anxiety, self-doubt, and insecurity of healthcare workers. (Öztunç 360-365)Hence, their entire job performance is decreased and absenteeism is increased.
Theoretical Framework on Violence in the Workplace Violence can be experienced by many different people in different situations in health care. In the healthcare world, nurses are one of the most exposed groups to workplace violence in the world. Circumstances that lead patients to the hospital can be very stressful which can lead to anxiety, agitation, depression. Through using the theoretical framework developed by Ida Jean Orlando, workplace violence can be viewed and applied to address or even prevent violence experienced by nurses possibly. Violence has been a long-standing issue in the workplace.
According to Australian Government Comcare (2009) bullying result in real cost to both the Organization and the individual. As well as constitutes significant risk to the health, safety and wellbeing of the individual and can lead to serious psychological injury. This Essay will describe why workplace bullying is an important issue for an organization in managing people at work describing Human Resource Management (HRM) and Human Resource Development (HRD), Industrial Relations (IR), Organizational Behavior, Psychology and Sociology.
Theoretical Framework This study is postulated on the theories, concepts and principles regarding on Workplace Bullying and its impact on employees productivity and performance. According to Einarsen’s conceptual framework Model (see Figure 1) of the nature and cause of workplace bullying (Einarsen 2003; as cited in Einarsen, 2005), three elements can describe the causes of workplace bullying: individual, social and organizational. Hoel and Stalin (2003; as cited in Lewis, 2004) suggested that there are four antecedents to organizational causes of workplace bullying, namely: the changing nature of work, how work is organized, the organizational culture, and leadership. The changing nature of work can be attributed to globalization, mergers and the current economic recession, among others (McCarthy, 2003).
There are many affects that workplace bullying can have on women. The Washington State Department of Labor and Industries (2011) states that the targeted victims of bullying experience significant physical and mental health problems. Bullying can cause them to have low self-esteem, work withdrawal, sickness absence, sleep disturbances, depression, self-blame, family tension and stress. These effects can be long term depending on the individual situations and how the victims cope with the bullying. Bullying can also affect the organization due to replacing staff members if victims leave, having to train new employees, low work productivity and even potential legal actions (p. 2).
The responsibility to develop and promote a healthy and safe environment for all workers has to be taken, because existing laws and policies are either ineffective or the general public lacks awareness related to their legal rights. LITERATURE REVIEW Workplace bullying and harassment
Patients who are violent towards hospital staff should be refused treatment Nurses should adopt the ethical principle of deontology and promote good, not harm. There is a binding duty for nurses based on morality. Moreover, there is a strong emphasis of the moral importance of cultivating virtuous character traits such as empathy and compassion in nurses. As virtue ethics are inculcated in medical and nursing students, they ought to have an ethic of care, without biasness, when carrying out treatment plan for all patients (Staunton & Chiarella, 2017). Hospital staff should embrace the ethical principle of beneficence - to actively do ‘good’ to all patients.