METHODS Participants: One hundred and forty four students of secondary and senior secondary level were participated in the study. Participant’s age range from 14-18 years (Mean= 15.48 years; SD=0.96 years). Seventy five of the participants were male (52.08 %) and 69 were female (47.92 %). There were 105 participants form secondary level (72.92 %) and 39 were form senior secondary level (27.08 %) of schooling. Measures 1. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, (OHQ Short Form) OHQ was developed by Hills and Argyle (2002) makes use of eight items to assess happiness. This scale uses 6-point scale affixed with ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’. The scale items express how participants may feel about themselves (e.g., ‘I am well satisfied about everything in my life ’). With adults sample, the OHQ has good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha = .62) and short-term test-retest reliability (r = .69 after 2 weeks) (Cruise et al. 2006). 2. Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS) SHS …show more content…
In mediated regression (Baron & Kenny, 1986) the dependent variable (happiness) is regressed on the independent variable. In the second step, mediator (stress) is regressed on the independent variable (mindfulness). On the last step, the dependent variable is regressed consecutively (hierarchical) on both the meditational and independent variables. At each step there must be a significant (p≤0.05) effect and the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable must be less in the third equation than in the first equation. Full mediation is support when the independent variable has no significant (p≤0.05) effect on dependent variable when the mediator variable is controlled, whereas partial mediation is indicated if the effect of the independent variable is reduced but still significant (p≤0.05) when the mediator variable is controlled (Baron & Kenny,
In his article "In Pursuit of Happiness: Better Living from Plato to Prozac," Mark Kingwell describes how there has been many debates on the meaning of happiness for many years yet still a singular, justifiable definition eludes society. The pursuit to define and understand happiness has invited several debates, questions, arguments, and suggestions alike. In 1996, a hand full of genetic and behavioral studies suggest evidence that one’s achievable degree of happiness is genetically decided, with evidences showing that no achievement will change your happiness, you are either happy or you’re not. Some studies demonstrated a correlation between dopamine levels in the brain and expressions of personal satisfaction, while others indicated that
In Happiness: Enough Already, Sharon Begley makes a case for the modern views of happiness and sadness by providing different professional opinions on the the happiness industry, some believe happiness is the sole purpose of life while others believe it is equal to sadness. Jerome Wakefield, a professor at New York University, is approached by many students with complaint concerning their parents’ opinions on dealing with depression, which consist of antidepressants and counseling. Ed Diener, a psychologist, at the University of Illinois, raised to question the idea of a national index of happiness to the Scottish Parliament. Eric Wilson, a professor, at Wake Forest University, tried to embrace becoming happier but ended up embracing the importance
The fact that happiness is a state of well-being pursued by humans since the beginning of humanity is not new. Since the ancient Greek philosophers, happiness has always been a goal for people. However, the definition of happiness is still subjective and controversial as Mark Kingwell, an award-winning social critic, essayist, and professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto, presents in his article “In pursuit of Happiness." The author begins to build his credibility by calling everyday facts and emotions, also by citing philosophers, researchers, and other authors. Using the sources effectively in a persuasive piece, Kingwell demonstrates, through examples and science researches, the difficulty in defining happiness, which can result in unhappiness.
Happiness is a state of mind, and one doesn’t need physical material to be happy, which a majority of people view to be the primary source of happiness. Simply put, a person has the power to control whether they are happy or not. The author utilizes pathos, ethos, and logos to highlight the main ideas, demonstrating his mastery of the material. His usury of pathos, ethos, and logos illustrate to the readers that happiness is primarily a state of mind which isn’t automatically influenced by material things. Ethos is the ethical appeal an author makes to emphasize his authority as a knowledgeable and experienced veteran who corroborates any particular subject matter.
The data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 18. Frequencies, cross tabulation, Pearson’s, chi-square test, ANOVA were used to analyze the data. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically
Arguably, the happier an individual is, the better the quality of their life, and the better off they are. But despite this, there are people who will even argue that lower levels of happiness are the best because you maintain the ability to progress in life and your motivation is still present. Although many people will only see two sides to this argument, there is a totally different view that provides the optimal quality of life and the most beneficial outcome in the big picture; and that is moderate happiness. Cliff Oxford’s essay “High Performance Happy” evaluates the effect that an individual’s happiness has on their beneficiality to society and how you should always strive to be the happiest you can be. Oxford’s main point is that
Haybron suggests that satisfaction does not equate happiness, on the other hand Diener and Biswas-Diener uses satisfaction studies to measure happiness. Also, while Haybron’s article is mostly about the emotional state,
Not many achieve happiness in their lifetime. Either they do not live long enough to witness it or they are not prepared for what their happiness is. Happiness is very subjective. Each person’s version of happiness is different. This version of happiness is universal.
A subscale of Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being entitled Positive Relations with Others was employed (Ryff, 1989), using a six-point Likert scale (0 = totally disagree, 5 = totally agree). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scale in the present study is 0.83. A demographic data sheet was used to obtain information about gender, age, education,
Dental radiographs are important tools in the diagnosis of oral diseases. It helps the dentist to employ appropriate treatment regimen for patient’s dental conditions, and plays a continual important role in dental practice. Radiation dosage from such dental radiographs are low and are thought to present minimal risk (Enabulele & Igbinedion, 2013) The radiation protection is the science and art of protecting people and environment from the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
Overall, I recognized that mediation is a much better choice than adjudication (Bishop, p. 38). Mediation not only restores relationships but it settles disputes and facilitates understanding, learning and growth (Bishop, p. 6). Additionally, the in class mediation made me realize that mediation is not linear. In a mediation, the mediator has to constantly adapt in order to move the parties closer to a solution. Furthermore, through the four in class mediations I realized that mediation could be applied to a wide variety of scenarios.
Mediation is their practice of focusing and letting go of worldly problems. However Hinduism incorporates the practice of Yoga into their mediation to focus on realms of the universe. Buddhism uses mediation to focus and reach enlightenment or Nirvana. Mediation is similar to Christianity's idea of prayer, to take time away from the world and focus on our religions
A collection of philosophical, religious, psychological and biological approaches had attempted to define happiness and analyze its connections. Researchers have found that about 50% of people happiness depends on our genes, based on studies of identical twins, whose happiness was 50% correlated even when growing up in different houses. About 10% to 15% is a result of various measurable life circumstances variables, such as socioeconomic status, marital status, health, income, and others. The remaining 40% is a combination of intentional factors and the results of actions that individuals deliberately engage in to become happier. Studies have also found that most of us are born with a fixed “set point” of happiness that we fall in throughout our lives.
John Galtung recommended that conflict could be observed as a triangle, with contradiction (C), attitude (A) and behaviour. He explained that all three aspects must be there in a full conflict condition. Contradiction is an important factor of a conflict which mentioned through the parties, their intentions and the clash of interests between them. Attitude comprises the parties’ views and misunderstandings of each other and of themselves. Behaviour is the third factor which can involve coercion or cooperation, gestures defining conciliation or hostility.
The students selected came from three sections to avoid prejudice of their perceptions. In order to assure manageability of the collected data, the questionnaire only included multiple choice, checklist, Likert scale, ranking/rating questions and did not include open-ended response