Introduction
Semi was comes from Greek that bring the means sign. Semiochemicals is a potential agent for the selective control of insect in pest management. Semiochemicals can be define as an agent that determines the life situation of an insect for example feeding, mating for each other, and also egg - laying. There are another word can describe semiochemicals which is also one of the small organic compound and natural substance that conduct the chemical massage and also used by the insect to communicate for each other. Small organic compound were used by the insect for intraspecies and also interspecies communication. All insect could discover the semiochemicals precisely from the air with their olfactory receptors. Sensilla hairs on their
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An important addition in some research of semiochemicals and also their application on an insect for control pest also can be done in chemical laboratories. But, in this case, we need to have collaboration between biologists. This is because biological test was needed to detect and evaluate the chemical interaction between the organisms.
Synthetic organic chemistry acts as important thing in this case due to get a successful identification of an active compound. To get the compound for the biological test in order to confirm the chromatographic, we need to synthesis it. Same goes also to the spectroscopic identification. The chemical signal can be authorized in one single compound or in a mixture compound in a very specific proportion of the chemical. It can be either in common or structurally simple compound.
From some research, they have recently found that water can be an aggregation for the almond moth. Ephestia cautella can cause problem in producing candy and chocolate. In food industry, water possibly useful in aggregation of the other insect that can cause damage to production of food. It will disturb the mating of an insect when water traps in combination with pheromones. It’s also seems to be one of the affective method to control. The contaminant of the isometric compound can completely change biological response. To get the successful result, it is crucial to use the selective synthetic
In our experiment, we are trying to identify the types of dyes used in M&M’s versus skittles using chromatography. Chromatography is a group of techniques used to separate the various components in a complex mixture or solution. Chromatography was invented by a Russian botanist named Mikhail Tsvet. He used column chromatography to study plant pigments, but it became clearer that this technique can be used to separate many complex homogeneous mixtures. In every chromatography structure there is basically a mobile phase and a stationary phase.
The overall purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of different types of environments on pill bug attractancy. Pill bugs were exposed to 2 different environments (sugar and water). The attractancy was observed and recorded in a raw data table. A research hypothesis was formulated that the sugar would work as the best attractant for pill bugs. Sugar had the greatest impact of the two environments used because it attracted 8/9 ants.
The mobile phase used was a mixture of ammonium acetate buffer and acetonitrile at a ratio of 400:600. A flow rate of 1 mL/min was maintained, and the detection wavelength was 292 nm (22). The required studies were carried out to estimate the precision and accuracy of the HPLC method and were found to be within limits [percent coefficient of variation was less than 15%]. Sample preparation briefly involved 0.4 μ membrane filter through which the sample was filtered, diluted with mobile phase, and 10 μL was spiked into
A Demonstration of Chemotaxis Between Flies and Various Substances (Sugar vs Bacteria) Abstract: The purpose of this lab based on the Drosophila melanogaster (the common fruit fly) reactions. Since the fly has been studied and observed for many years, and known for its unique chemotactic attractions to different stimuli, it was an ideal organism for the study being conducted. In the experiment the purpose was to be able to figure out whether the flies would be more attracted to sugar or bacteria.
Molecular analysis is a well-known method and recently used by researchers. Using this
To confirm the results for the known drugs, we can find the literature value of the Rf. For the unknown powder, we could repeat the TLC with both the unknown and predicted compounds on the same TLC plate to see if the Rf values match. To confirm the results of both the known and unknown we can also put the samples in a mass spectrometry. A lot of safety precautions were taken into consideration whilst doing the experiment.
Benzyne Formation and the Diels-Alder Reaction Preparation of 1,2,3,4 Tetraphenylnaphthalene Aubree Edwards Purpose: 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene is prepared by first producing benzyne via the unstable diazonium salt. Then tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and benzyne undergo a diels-alder reaction to create 1,2,3,4-tetraphenylnaphthalene. Reactions: Procedure: The reaction mixture was created. Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone (0.1197g, 0.3113 mmol) a black solid powder, anthranilic acid ( 0.0482g, 0.3516 mmol) a yellowish sand, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (1.2 ml) was added to a 5-ml conical vial.
If there is a color change, then it is known that protein is present in the solution. Finally, lipids are tested. 5 mL of water are added to 5 mL of oil. 5 drops of Sudan 3 are added, and if the color changes, then lipids are present. Next, the McMush is tested.
The only part that was irrelevant was the appearance of the drug. All but one drug looked like white powder. Even white medicines are dyes to look white (“Toxins in Vitamins and Medicine”). The appearance of the drug therefore does not help us identify what drug the Unknown drugs are. Our conclusion is irrefutable because Unknown A was the same as Excedrin in every category we tested and the same goes for Unknown B and bufferin.
3. To purify and identify the product, recrystallization is used in order to purify the product, then melting point and TLC techniques are used to identify the product. Theory 4.
1.1 Abstract The purpose of quantitative analysis of protein using a spectrophotometer is to measure the concentration of proteins in a given sample. The experiment is conducted by laboratory method (Biuret Test) and using spectrophotometer to analyze the absorbance of reactants at 540 nm, hence determining the concentration of the proteins in a given sample. The purpose of stopped enzyme assay to study B-galactosidase is to determine the effect of temperature and concentrations of substrate on enzyme activity.
The periodic table is a much more interesting concept than people give it credit for. Periodic means the repeating according to some pattern. The first periodic table is very different from the modern one. They are both very interestingly organized. The periodic table has the elements on them.
INTRODUCTION A gas chromatograph (GC) can be utilized to analyze the contents of a sample quantitatively or in certain circumstances also qualitatively. In the case of preparative chromatography, a pure compound can be extracted from a mixture. The principle of gas chromatography can be explained as following: A micro syringe is used to inject a known volume of vaporous or liquid analyte into the head or entrance of a column whereby a stream of an inert gas acts a carrier (mobile phase). The column acts as a separator of individual or chemically similar components.
Pesticides and How it Works Abstract: A pest is "a plant or creature unfavorable to people or human concerns". Pesticide is Chemical or natural substance intended to slaughter or retard the development of pests that harm or meddle with the development of products, bushes, trees, timber and other vegetation coveted by people. Keywords: Antimicrobials, Antimicrobials, Herbicides Introduction:
Abstract In this experiment, the isolation, characterization, and determination of concentration and purity of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA from Allium Cepa or onion was performed. DNA was isolated through the use of a homogenizing solution. The absorbance ratio was 1.5, which indicates protein contamination. Moreover, the characterization of its components was conducted through the use of different chemical tests.