Summary: Frame Of Reference In Occupation Therapy

In order to assist the reader in following the occupation therapy process with Sarah, it is necessary to define some key theoretical terms such as theory, frame of reference, approaches and conceptual model of practice, and understand how they relate to each other in the context of occupational therapy practice. Theory as defined by Creek is “a conceptual system or framework used to organize knowledge” (Creek, 2002). When compatible theories are organized into an extended theoretical framework, a frame of reference is formed. In the context of occupational therapy practice, frames of reference are theoretical frameworks that have been developed outside the profession but are applicable to occupational therapy practice (Duncan, 2011). When the

The learning frame of reference draws from the work of educational and developmental psychologists, teachers and behaviorists (Turner, 2002). It is founded on the assumption that adaptation and change are based on the ability to learn, and that behaviors are learned through acquisition of knowledge, experience and practice. The main focus in the learning frame of reference is for the person to learn coping skills. Useful approaches within this frame of reference for the case of Sarah would be educative approach and cognitive approach. Educative approach aims to provide the knowledge that clients and carers need in order to allow them to identify a range of options for problem-solving and to make the most appropriate choices of intervention. Education may be provided through verbal discussion and supported with leaflets or booklets for the clients to take away with. Such leaflets may be used to inform people regarding the methods of joint protection in RA, importance of correct posture, exercise and self-care

It stresses the secondary benefit to be gained by improving performance in activity or occupation despite ongoing physical dysfunction. Supplementing external aids to promote problem-solving with residual capabilities is a crucial part of this frame of reference. Useful approaches within this frame of reference for the case of Sarah would be compensatory approach and adaptive skills approach. Compensatory approach is widely used to compensate for dysfunction in mobility, self-maintenance and domestic activities, and methods of compensation may include the supply of assistive equipment, modification of the environment and organization of social assistance. The adaptive skills approach aims at helping the person to adapt his/her existing skills to master problems and cope independently in various circumstances. It stresses the use of existing strengths to compensate for deficits. Methods may include modification of techniques required to perform the activity, development of new skills through exploration and practice, and adapting role or function to eliminate the need to perform the