The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The methanol extract of seeds of Helianthus annuus were screened for analgesic activity in mice model to systematically explore the medicinal values of the plant. Acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate methods were used to confirm the central and peripheral analgesic action. The extract at dose 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed attenuated writhing inhibition at 50.35% and 57.85% in case of acetic acid-induced writhing test which showed significant analgesic activity (p< 0.05). In the hot plate method increase (p < 0.05) of latency period was also observed in comparison to standard aspirin. At 60 minutes, the latency period of two different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) …show more content…
The mice were kept at constant temperature (22±2oC) and 12-h light/12-h dark. Mice were fed standard laboratory food (Hind Lever diet pellets) and water was given ad libitum. Each animal was used once in the behavior tests. The experimental protocols for this study were approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee following the guidelines of Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA). Plant material and extraction 300gm dried powder of seed was weighed & taken in a aspirator (2.5L). Before placing powders into the aspirator, the jar was washed properly with acetone and then dried. 800ml of solvent i.e. methanol was added gradually. The container with its content was sealed & kept for 20 days with occasional shaking & stirring. The major portion of the extractable compounds of the plant materials were dissolved in the solvent. Then whole mixture was filtered through cotton wool and the filtrate was concentrated by evaporation in dry & clean air. And it was kept for 15 days to get the final extract of the …show more content…
The writhing was counted accordingly and writhing of control group was assumed to be 100% .Control group showed writhing of 83 ± 1.44. Where as positive control group (Aspirin) showed writhing of 31 ± 0.79, which is highly significant (P<0.001) Table1: Response in hot plate method in mice. Group Dose (mg/kg) 0 min 30 min 60 min 90 min 120 min Control - 2 1.75 ± 0.22 2 ±0.365 1.75 ± 0.43 2.5 ± 0.26 Aspirin 10 10.25 ± 0.475 18 ± 0.41 24.25 ±0.625 20.75 ± 0.475 19 ± 0.705 Helianthus annuus 100 7.5 ± 0.865 8 ± 0.408 13 ± 0.91 9 ± 0.705 6.5 ± 0.705 Helianthus annuus 200 8 ± 0.408 9.75 ± 0.475 16.5 ± 1.55 13 ± 0.915 10.5 ±
First one is the independent variable which was Magnesium chloride (Mgcl2) that we would be changing. The dependent variable was the speed of the Paramecium and to see how Magnesium chloride will change it. We had two treatment levels they were our control group without Magnesium chloride and experimental group with Magnesium chloride. Our experiment was replicated twenty times. In our control group sample size, we added drop of Paramecium on 217 ml dryl’s solution.
Introduction- We did an experiment about different types of movements called kinesis and taxis. Kinesis is the change in the speed of movement or the rate of turning which is intensified by a stimulus (Meyer, 2006). Taxis is movement towards or away from a stimulus (Meyer, 2006). We did our experiment using Sowbugs.
Of course, the various sources of error have affected the results from this lab. Since the initial mass of eggs used was different for each group, the experimenters had to find the percent change in mass to keep the results constant. To conclude, when the eggs were placed in a corn syrup solution with more solute, their masses steadily decreased. The inside of the eggs have a lower solute concentration than the corn syrup solution outside the cell. Water within the eggs flow outwards through the membrane to the syrup solution, decreasing the solute concentration.
Genetic engineering is changing the DNA code to express different traits. A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that contains important genetic information. Recombinant DNA is the product after inserting your desired genes. The genes we hoped to insert in the pGLO lab were the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene. GFP was needed so that we would tell if the ampicillin resistance gene had been properly placed when the bacteria glowed under a UV light.
Introduction: In this lab, we measured the angular velocity of the sun (how fast the sun rotates on its axis) to find the time it takes for the sun to make a complete orbit. We did this by printing two images of the sun that are 7 days apart from NASA’s SOHO database to observe and measure one sunspot (the same sunspot in different locations on both images). We looked at sunspots because its dark (due to magnetic activity and heat transfer) and easy to identify since there are few spots from a faraway perspective. were able to solve for the time period it takes for the sun to rotate on its axis using the following formulas: θ=sin〖x/(R ')〗 where R’ is the radius of the circle the sunspot orbits, 〖θ=sin〗〖x/R_sun 〗 , where R_sun is the radius
O Brien exhibits orthostatic BP as his position changes. As his BP decreases, his pulse and respirations increase to compensate for the baroreceptors sense of low BP. Lying his BP is 120/84, P73, R 16, sitting the BP drops slightly, pulse and respirations increase slightly to compensate to 114/73, P 83, as he stands the BP drops to 96/61, the pulse and respirations drastically increase to perfuse and oxygenate for the low BP. 3. Which clients are at greatest risk for falls in the acute care setting?
You patient, Jerry, is a 67 year old male who recently had a cerebral vascular attack (CVA) affecting the right side of his body. You have been working with Jerry for the past six weeks on strength, ROM, balance, and coordination and he has been progressively gaining more function. In the past few sessions however, you have noticed that he has plateaued. The insurance company needs to see that the patient’s status is improving in order to continue paying for their therapy. It is noted that studies have shown that it is normal for a patient to see a plateau in the middle of their therapy timeframe, but if therapy is continued a positive progression can be seen; conversely if therapy is stopped then a loss of gains and function can occur.
( this is an analysis that is done by a Toxicologist).
In this experiment, scientists, Emily Yau and Mona Howell, conducted an experiment that tested how acidity and radiation affects germination of radish seeds. We had hypothesized the seeds that microwave for 5, 10, and some of the 15 second seeds will grow. The radish seeds in the 1 and 2 teaspoons will sprout. We should accept our hypothesis because in the most part, it was correct. Although most of our data supports our hypothesis, some of our data contradicts our hypothesis.
Jaspreet Singh Professor Paratore Biology 1 November 1, 2014 Spectrophotometry Identifying Solutes and Determining Their Concentration Statement of the Exercise or of the Problem The purpose of the lab experiment was to attain the following objectives: • Learning to Operate the Spectrophotometer • Construct absorption spectra for cobalt chloride and chlorophyll. Hypothesis If greater and higher concentrations of cobalt chloride are added to each solution then greater amounts of light would be absorbed by each solution. Thus a liner relationship will result in which the absorbance of a substance would be proportional to its concentration, which will be depicted, in a linear graph.
Herbal products have been used for treatments since ancient times, before the exploration of synthetic industrial drugs. Since herbs are natural, most of the consumers believes herbal products are completely safe and the product use continuously increased and is reported 10-19% growth in United States. In U.S.A any botanical product affects the structure and functions of the body belongs to either a drug or dietary supplement and FDA regulates the dietary supplement. The author of this paper selected St. John’s wort ,as the herbal supplement for this assignment of patient educational flyer. Product Description: St. John’s wort (SJW) is a yellow flowering plant, grows in the wild used for health purpose for long time .The
INTRODUCTION This assignment is about the study of the effect of agonist and different concentration on guinea pig ileum and it will consist of method, graph results and discussion. Drug is defined as a chemical that has both biological and pharmacological effects on human. Its branch is pharmacology which can be divided into two branches namely pharmacodynamics and pharmaco kinetics. (C. Stephen and W. Robin (2010)) Pharmaco dynamic is about what drug does to the body and pharmaco kinetics is the study of what the body does to the drug.
Pharmacology Assignment Week 4 Marty Smith is a 67-year-old male who has called 911 after experiencing chest pain and dizziness. The paramedics arrive and notice a bottle of nitroglycerin on the table. The patient states he has angina and is to take the medication as needed for chest pain. He took one pill an hour ago and a second pill 10 minutes prior to calling 911.
RESEARCH QUESTION Which one has a higher rate or respiration between dicotyledonous (peas) and monocotyledonous (maize) seeds and what is the effect of temperatures (room temperature, 40, 60) on the rate of respiration as determined by oxygen usage estimated with a respirometer? AIM The aim of this experiment is to investigate which seed has a higher rate of respiration and how different temperatures (room temperature, 400C, 600C) affects the rate of respiration of dried, fresh and germinating monocotyledonous (peas) and dicotyledonous (maize) seeds.
Hence, evaluation of its toxicity on animal model is of paramount importance (Mirhadi et al, 2011). Likewise, determining the extent of tissue damage and safe dosage of the herbal medicine is also very important as it can help to set up a strategy during adverse effects. Thus appropriate use of herbal medicines has been encouraged until it is proven to be safe and effective. Only a few of the herbal medicines have withstood the scientific testing but others have been simply used for traditional reasons to protect, restore or improve health. Most of the herbal medicines still needs to be studied in a scientific manner but the knowledge and experience obtained from them by their traditional use should not be overlooked (WHO Manila,