One eye catching fact is that S.A countries, which experiencing such a high rate of their urban population was at 40% or below. Another essential thing is that the South Asian countries are developing countries that is there is going on so much economic development and as we know that there is a strong link between economic growth and rural-urban migration. Rural people migrate to urban areas in search of better employment opportunities in order to improve their living standards and financial status. Other push factors, which make impossible for people to stay in rural areas and thus force them to migrate may include poor economic conditions, personal conflicts, effects of global warming, and natural disaster. So, we can say that this fast rate of rural to urban migration in South Asia is due to above mentioned push factors.
The causes and effects of migration from rural to urban areas Currently, there is a growing tendency that people move from rural to urban areas, which is the progress of urbanization. It is apparent that China marked a historic milestone in the development of urbanization in January,2012. According to the Chinese statistics bureau, there are 691 million people living in urban areas, adding up to over 51% of the population in China. Moreover, the rapid urbanization of China is merely an epitome of the developing world. During the past 20 years or so, the global urban population has exploded to approximately 5 billion (Donald, 2012).
Globally there seems to be ever increasing concentration of the populations in comparatively few larger cities (Harrison & Donnelly, 2011). Large cities are mostly seen as highly innovative, productive and mostly equipped with social amenities that seems to make life easier for urban inhabitants. These factors collectively act as pull factors that attracts numerous people. The rapid influx of new citizens presents overwhelming challenges to their governments. Globalization is promoted by policies that opens domestic economies and orient them international.
In the year 2050, Africa and Asia will be by far one of the most populated regions in respect to urban growth, the estimated growth is said to be 70%. There are two main reasons to Rural-Urban migrations. Firstly urban areas often seem to attract the migrants through better employment opportunities for men and women as well as higher wages as compared to rural areas. Secondly the most important reason that forces them to leave their rural settlements and move towards urban cities is the disastrous issues like floods and droughts or any form of conflict/social discrimination. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations defines food security as a basic human right where everyone at all times is able to have access to safe and sufficient nutritious food items.
Most of the growth in large cities in the world is projected to take place in developing countries. (Bhattacharya, 2002) states, “In 1800, there were relatively few cities in the world with a population of over 100,000 citizens. In 1800, 34 of Asia's 100 largest cities had populations of over 100,000 compared with 22 in Europe.” The author continues; “by the year 1850, the proportions were roughly equal (45 in Asia and 49 in Europe). However, by 1900, Europe had 57 cities of over 200,000 as against 40 cities in Asia (Bhattacharya, 2002).” This shows at how rapid a pace urbanisation is taking place in the world today. Advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation “The potential benefits of Urbanisation far outweigh the disadvantages.” The paper will discuss some advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation to prove if indeed the benefits outweigh the disadvantages.
Migration is a process that gets intensified with the process of economic development. Among the various migration streams like rural-urban, rural-rural, urban-rural and urban-urban, population mobility from rural to urban areas is a common and ever-increasing phenomenon in India. Interestingly, this rural-urban migration is observed to have significant implications to the development of urban informal sector. Less skilled migrated labour are, in fact, less equipped for the urban formal jobs due to their lack of knowledge and experience and hence they end up forming ‘urban informal sector’. Thus there is an intense linkage between rural-urban migration and the expansion of urban informal sector.
Today the worlds population is growing at 1.15% per year which is 80500000 people annually. Some of the most populated countries of today are India,China,Russia,Brazil and South Africa these countries are also known as the BRIC nations. Population growth does increase demand nevertheless it also volleys workforces with a lot of extra workers, this unfortunately pauperizes wages and increases poverty. It is impossible to see a correlation between population growth and development in 2 or 3 years, In order to see an correlation we have to look about 20 years back so that we can distinguish the impact of all those births entering workforces. Rapid population growth still remains in numerous amount of developing countries.
“At the beginning of the twentieth century, only 16 cities in the world-majority in advanced industrialized countries contained a million people or more. Today, almost 400 cities contain a million people or more and about seventy percent of them are found in the developing world” (Cohen, 2006:64). Many urban areas have experienced rapid growth over the last 20years, as a result of increasing population growth and transformation of the world’s economy by a combination of rapid political and technological change. About half of the world’s total population resides in urban areas. Cities concentrate poverty, but they also represent the best hope of escaping it.
Since most of the migrant worker go to other countries and looking for a job which only needs a low level of education or even does not needs education level . Even if they can find a job , because of their insufficient skills , they only can find jobs of the poor wage . And they do not have enough schooling or high education which cause them hard to build up the correct and proper value . Therefore, they are more simply having a conflict with local people and doing robbing , stealing which is illegal . According to 2013 report on the Alliance for Excellent Education finds , " if graduation rate of high school increases , the crime cost can be reduced ."
Do The Disadvantages Of Urbanization Outweigh The Benefits Of It? Introduction Urbanization refers to the increase in trend of people moving from rural or under developed areas to more developed areas. This trend has experienced a dramatic rise in the past few decades. The report issued by the United Nations in 2015 supports this claim by suggesting that globally, more people are moving towards urban areas. In 1950, 30 percent of the world’s population was residing in urban areas while in 2014, 54 percent of the world’s population was urban, and by 2050, 66 per cent of the world’s population is projected to be urban.