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Essay On Washback Of Language Testing

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WASHBACK OF THE LANGUAGE TESTING: ITS TYPES AND FACTORS

Abstract
This study focuses on describing the washback of the language testing. This present study reviews some studies related to washback effect of the language testing focuses only on its types and factors. Washback or backwash here is a term of the way in which assessment influences teaching process in classroom. By reviewing the variety of studies, the researcher’s own view about washback will be constructed. This study ends with its explanation of the types and factors of washback.
Keywords: washback, types of washback, factors of washback
I. Introduction
Tests or examinations are important for measuring language ability. By conducting tests or examinations, students can go higher grades of studies. A test is a simple terms that …show more content…

Those types are positive and negative. It depends on whether it has a beneficial or harmful impact on educational practices (Hughes, 1989). Pearson (1988) states that good tests can be utilized and designed as beneficial teaching-learning activities so as to encourage a positive teaching-learning process. Meanwhile, Davis (1985) argues that a creative and innovative test can quite advantageously result in a syllabus alteration or a new syllabus. Tests are encouraged to promote the idea of lifelong learning and encourage people to learn English (Language Testing and Training Centre, 2008). Decisional makers use the authority power of high-stakes testing to achieve the goals of teaching and learning, such as the introduction of new textbooks and new curricula (Cheng, 2005). Pan (2009) summarized positive backwash effect, namely 1) Tests induce teachers to cover their subjects more thoroughly, 2) making them complete their syllabi within the prescribed time limits, and 3) good tests can be utilized and designed as beneficial teaching-learning activities so as to encourage positive teaching-learning

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