Epitope Essays

Germ theory of disease is one of the theories in the biology field. Germ theory of disease supports that microorganisms that are germs are the cause of diseases. This theory was first proposed by Girolamo Fracastoro in the 16th century but he was not able to provide any evidence to strengthen his proposal. This theory was not accepted easily by the citizen between the 16th century to the 18th century. The pre-existence of miasma theory was the obstacle to the acceptance of germ theory during that

My name is Hannah Lee, a rising senior at Hilliard Darby High School. At my school, I am involved in extracurriculars such as Ceramics Competitive Team and Senior Class Cabinet. Next year, I plan on studying Chemical Engineering with a minor in Women’s and Gender Studies or Bioethics and Humanities at Columbia University, Brown University, or Ohio State University. I have always been intrigued in the innovative nature of engineering, but I also want to further study science on a molecular level.

The molecular weight of this glycoprotein is about 65,000. This protein is similar to the conglycinin from soy proteins with the major IgE epitopes within this extension region. Ara h 1 is a protein with high thermal stability but showed minor structural changes in 5M urea. It has also been observed that few of the IgE binding epitopes of Ara h1 are resistant to pepsin degradation [22]. ARA h 2 Ara h 2 is a glycoprotein of 17.5 kDa and was initially identified from crude peanut extracts

experiment was to express and purify His6tagged recombinant Green Fluorescent Protein (rGFP) in E. coli strain using Ni+2Agarose Affinity chromatography column. The strain BL21(DE3) < pRSETA-GFPUV> was induced and expressed as an N-terminal His6/Xpress epitope tagged fusion protein, the rGFP crude extract was then purified through Ni+2 agarose affinity column, with wash and elution fraction collected to analyze the fluorescent activity of rGFP under UV light. Green fluorescence observed indicated that rGFP

nature in the pursuit of perfection. Aylmer, a scientist, has the ability to make beauty out of absolutely nothing. However upon meeting Georgiana, Aylmer experiences a sense of spirituality, despite his complete devotion to science. Georgiana is the epitope of nature’s beauty, yet the hand-shaped birthmark on her left cheek; often viewed as a charm by others, is seen as imperfection by her husband, Aylmer. Aylmer believes that his wife is so naturally

measurement of HbA1c. The second cuvette contains an anti-HbA1c antibody in a buffered reagent. Hemoglobin A1C in the sample reacts with anti-HbA1c antibody to form a soluble antigen-antibody complex. A polyhapten reagent containing multiple HbA1c epitopes is then added to this cuvette. The polyhapten reacts with excess (free) anti-HbA1c antibodies to form an insoluble antibody-polyhapten complex. The rate of this reaction is measured turbidimetrically at 340 nm and blanked at 700 nm and is inversely

was the god of the local river Asopos. Antiope was loved by the god Zeus who seduced her in the guise of a satyr on Mount Kithairon. When Nykteus discovered she was pregnant he threatened her, and so she fled the country and sought refuge with King Epitopes of Sikyon. The prince then killed himself in shame, persuading his brother Lykos to avenge his dishonour. http://www.theoi.com/Heroine/Antiope.html Lykos (brother of the one who got her pregnant) had since been appointed regent of the powerful

1. As a child, you decide to ignore your mother’s advice and walk in a construction area bare-foot. To your chagrin, you step on a rusty nail and sustain a localized infection. Please describe, in detail, the immune response that develops (both innate and adaptive) after this injury. You may include flowcharts and sketches, if it is helpful. (15 pts) There are three parts of the immune system that consist of the body’s natural barriers, the innate immune response and the adaptive immune response

Deinococcus radiodurans is an interesting obligate aerobic and polyextremophilic bacterium, harboring characteristics that allow for growth and survival under some of the world’s harshest conditions. In 1956, Arthur W. Anderson et al. discovered the bacterium while conducting food sterilization experiments at the Oregon Agricultural Experimental Station in Corvalis. After using substantial doses of gamma radiation on canned meat, the researchers found that the meat still spoiled, and D. radiodurans

sample is electrophoresis on an SDS- PAGE and electro transferred on the nitrocellulose membrane. The transferred protein is detected using specific primary enzymes labeled antibody. Antibodies bind to specific sequences of amino acids, known as the epitope. Because amino acid sequences are different from protein to protein, antibodies can recognize specific proteins among a group of many. Therefore, a single protein can be identified in a cell lysate that contains thousands of different proteins and

Describe your prior research experience. (500 words or less) I first became involved in scientific research during my first semester at Georgetown by joining the lab of Professor Timothy Warren. I investigated ammonia’s viability as a sustainable, carbon-free fuel source by building, designing, and characterizing novel iron catalysts that could perform ammonia oxidation. I was immediately intrigued by the thrill of science: the glove boxes I learned to spend hours working in, the vibrant purple compounds

The mechanism behind an allergic reaction consists of two phases. The first phase involves the initial sensitization, where an antigen is encountered by antigen presenting cells (APC) and processed for presentation to naïve T cells. The antigen can be introduced through various routes, including the gastrointestinal tract (food allergens) and lung epithelial (pollens). Animal studies have suggested an additional route through skin contact (REF), and this is supported by the previously mentioned studies

Salbutamol undergoes considerable presystemic metabolism in the intestinal mucosa (sulphation) and hepatic conjugation to form an inactive metabolite that is excreted in the urine. Most (approximately 90%) of the dose administered by aerosol is swallowed, but the 10–15% which is inhaled largely remains as free drug in the airways. The plasma elimination half-life (t1/2) is two to four hours. Salmeterol is long acting, with a duration of action of at least 12 hours, allowing twice daily administration

Clostridium Difficile Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff) are known to be anaerobic rod shaped gram positive bacteria which are capable of forming spores. They are known to be the cause of millions of worldwide infections on a yearly basis. They are primarily acquired from hospitals, with incidences of such infections gradually increasing over the last 20 years. They are capable of causing potential life threatening cases of diarrhoea. Although they were discovered in the intestinal flora of new born

Supervised by   We certify that this thesis was prepared under our supervision at the College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University as a partial requirement for degree of Philosophy of Doctorate in medical microbiology. In view of the available recommendation, forward this thesis for debate by the examining committee. Crohn’s disease results from a complex interaction between susceptibility genes, immune system and microbes that can trigger disease pathology. This study

INTRODUCTION Enzymes are biological catalyst that alters the chemical reaction rate without itself being altered which reacts with the substrate and converts the enzyme substrate complex into different molecules – product. Enzyme plays the consequential role in functioning of life process such as for growth, digestion of nutrients, excretion of metabolic waste, energy provider to brain and muscles and thus directly or indirectly involved in every biological processing of life. Apart from numerous

Review of Literature ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ Zoonoses are the infections that are transmitted to humans from a vertebrate host. Earlier, they include all the diseases that were shared by humans and animals as introduced by Rudolf Virchow in 1880. Later on, the word zoonoses represented only those diseases which were proven or had direct circumstantial evidence of being transmitted by an animal. Zoonoses are known to occur throughout the world and also to transcend across the boundaries. This affects the