# Reaction rate Essays

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Then the time of each reaction was recorded when the solution was completed and turned clear. Reaction rate was then calculated using the initial concentration of I2 and time recorded. If reaction rate increases, the reaction is done faster and the reaction time decreases. The first order reaction is a reaction depending only on the concentration of two reactants. Determination of the rate law and activation energy of a chemical reaction requires a number of steps.

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Rate of Reaction Lab Aim: To conduct a lab that investigates how different concentrations of hydrochloric acid (HCL) have an effect on the rate of reaction when mixed with Calcium Carbonate Chips (CaCO3) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2). Hypothesis: The higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the less time it will take for the reaction to occur. This links back to the collision theory which states that if a system has more collisions, there will be a greater number of molecules bouncing into each other.

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Lab report: How does the surface area affect the rate of reaction ? Introduction The rate of a chemical reaction (or reaction rate) is a calculation of the total time needed for a reaction to take place, or how quickly the reactants are transferred into products in a chemical process. This rate can be measured in two methods. The first one is to measure the rate at which the reactants are used up per unit of time, while the second method is to measure the rate at which the products are formed per unit of time. There are several factors that affect the rate of a reaction.

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Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of a reaction without being chemically changed. Enzymes are globular proteins that contain an active site. A specific substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme chemically and structurally (4). Enzymes also increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy for that reaction which is the minimum energy required for the reaction to take place (3). Multiple factors affect the activity of an enzyme (1).

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How does the amount of baking soda mixed with vinegar affect the volume of gas produced per 10 seconds? A reaction is when (usually) a solute acts on a solvent to create a reaction. An example of a reaction is an explosion, Here we will be using baking soda and vinegar which are our two components which will cause for a reaction to take place. Reactions can be affected by several things such as temperature, concentration and the presence or absence of a catalyst which is a substance which can increase the rate of reaction.

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Design: 1. The effect of temperature on the rate of reaction of an enzyme (amylase). 2. Research Question: a. How does temperature affect the rate of reaction of amylase? 3.

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A plot of ln k versus 1/T, shown in Figure. 10, is a linear curve for 4-NP reduction using AuNPs. It was observed that the increase in temperature helps the rate of reaction to increase. The activation energy was calculated from the slope of the straight line and was found to be 7.4 ± 1.34 k Cal/mol. The above results are of clear indication that catalysis usually takes place on the surface of the nanoparticles.

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e.g isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme acts on isocitrate by oxidation followed by decarboylation Isocitrate is converting into alpha-ketoglutarate with the help of isocitrate dehydrogenase. FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF ENZYME ACTION 1.Effect of nzyme concentration The rate of enzyme is directly propotional to the concentration of enzyme provided that the condition of the reaction remains constant and sufficient substrate is supplied. 2. Effect of substrate concentration

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Aim: Therefore the aim of this experiment is to investigate the effect of increasing temperature on the activity of the enzyme catalyst. Hypthesis: The froth volume increases as temperature goes up until an optimum point of around about 40C and after that point the enzyme is denatured and the graph starts to decline.

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When temperature is increased, the amount of obtainable energy increases; meaning that particles will move at faster pace at a higher temperature. Thus rate at which molecules diffuse will progressively speed up as the temperature increases. However if temperature of solution is decreased the rate of osmosis will decrease and rate at which molecules diffuse will be significantly less than that of higher

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Rates of Reaction Lab Design What is the effect of surface area on rates of reaction, when magnesium is combined with hydrochloric acid to create hydrogen? Chemical reactions are when bonds between atoms form new molecules. They occur when two or more molecules interact with each other. Substances that react together are reactants, and the ones formed in the reaction are called the products.

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Reaction Kinetics: The Iodine Clock Reaction Kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions. A reaction rate describes the reaction’s speed, it is the rate at which the starting materials of a reaction (reactants) react and transform into the final produced materials (products). The greater the reaction rate, the less time required for reactants to be converted to products. Understanding the factors and conditions influencing reaction rates of is of fundamental importance in industrial chemistry where the production of chemicals must be efficient and economical to maximise profits.

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These enzymes have a secondary and tertiary structure and this could be affected by increases and decreases in temperature beyond the optimum temperature of the enzyme to work in. Mostly enzymes are highly affected any changes in temperature beyond the enzymes optimum. There are too

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The Maxwell Distribution Curve below supports the prediction about the increase of temperature, increasing the rate of reaction. Curves T1 and T2 show the distribution of kinetic energies for gaseous at those two temperatures. Curve T2 represents a higher temperature and thus is positively skewed. The peak of the graph with the most molecules is shifted towards a higher kinetic energy and the curve broadens out. For both T1 and T2, the total area under the curve is the same and the fraction of molecules with energy greater than the activation energy (Ea) is significantly larger in T2 than in T1.

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Light absorption occurs when atoms or molecules take up the energy of a light and reduces the transmission of light. The absorbance will increase with an increase in concentration while the transmittance will decrease with an increase in

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Arrhenius equation is a mathematical expression which illustrates the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction and is used to calculate reaction-rate constants\cite{logan}. In the equation, we have $k$ as the reaction-rate constant, R as the thermodynamic gas constant, A as the pre-exponential factor, E$_a$ as the activation energy and finally $T$ as the absolute temperature. Generally, the equation is represented in exponential form: $$k = A \exp[-E_a/RT]$$ It clearly shows that a small increase in temperature would result in a remarkable increase in the magnitude of the reaction-rate constant. The numerical constant A and E$_a$ were derived by collision and transition-state theories of the reactions where E$_a$ represents the energy of activation, measured in kJ mol$^{-1}$. $"A"$ represents the frequency at which atoms react during the chemical reaction and is dimensionless.

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There are several factors affecting enzyme activity. These are temperature, pH, enzyme and substrate concentration, enzyme:substrate ratio, and surface area. Increasing the temperature increases the kinetic energy needed to kickstart the reaction. In a liquid substance, this means that there are more random collisions between the molecules. Because increasing the temperature speeds up the rate of reaction, more

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Transition Work Reaction Rates – Let’s Go Faster The rate of reaction can be calculated using the formula: rate of reaction= (amount of reactant used or amount of product formed)/time → The steeper the slope created the faster the reaction, a steep slope occurs when the amount of reactant used/amount of product formed is large and the time over which this occurs is small. Factors that affect rate of reaction There are 4 distinct factors that each affect the rate of reaction: → Temperature: increasing the temperature, increases the rate of reactions because: Particles collide more often Particles collide with more energy

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Objective: I will be combining calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid as a case study to measure the rate of chemical reaction. This gives us the equation CaCO3 + 2HCl  H2O + CaCl2 + CO2 Background Information:

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To carefully describe the relationship between the rate of reaction and the temperature, a graph of these two variables is plotted. It can clearly be seen that the rate of reaction gradually increases as the temperature is increase. This is best explained by the principles of chemical kinetics. The increase in temperature results in an increase in the kinetic energy of the molecules. Consequently, these molecules are able to move faster and the probability of collusion with other molecules is increased.

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