Sulfuric acid Essays

Sulfuric acid or “Oil of Vitriol” is a clear, oily and strong acid with a chemical formula of H2SO4. It is water soluble and odorless. It is highly corrosive to most metals and biological materials. It is usually used in the liquid form and often diluted with water or other chemicals for use. It is estimated that by 2012, world production of sulfuric acid would reach over 250 million tons a year. The History of Sulfuric Acid The first mentions of sulfuric acid in history are somewhat lost

The results of the phenol-sulfuric acid analysis conducted in this experiment suggest that the data acquired was relatively precise but inaccurate with respect to the given carbohydrate concentrations of the soda and Gatorade samples. Using a standard curve generated from a glucose solution with a known concentration, the carbohydrate concentration of the samples was determined (in terms of glucose) and a low coefficient of variation was calculated. However, a high percent relative error was apparent

Observations Step Observation Adding sulfuric acid into the alcohol and carboxylic acid solution Surface of the round bottom flask is warm Poring the ester solution in the bottle after reflux Dense gas can be seen Washing the ester with distilled water The ester layer is immiscible with distilled water. Washing the ester with sodium carbonate solution Effervescence -bubbles of gas produced -a ‘pop’ sound could be heard when the separating funnel is closed and opened again. The ester layer

EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Materials Materials used for this study were AMD samples, NSW from natural sulfuric hot springs, K2Cr2O7 (0.25 N), sulfuric acid reagent (Ag2SO4, concentrated H2SO4), oxidizing/digesting solution (K2Cr2O7, concentrated H2SO4, HgSO4), standard solution of KHP/Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (HOOCC6H4COOK), Ferro Ammonium sulphate (FAS) 0.1 N, Ferroin indicators, sulfuric acid (H2SO4), HCl 6, standard solution of Iodine (I2) 0.025 N, sodium thiosulfate solution (Na2S2O3) 0.025N,

Sulfuric Acid had the highest conduction of electricity because, it has a certain amount of charged particles allowing it to transfer from the water. it has a high molarity which means it has more ions, allowing the electrons to flow, and conducting more electricity. Only ionic compounds can conduct electricity because the dissociated ions an ionic compound/solution creates when put in an aqueous solution are able to carry a charge through the solution. Molecular compounds do not dissociate their

Because of methyl benzoate’s substituent, the nitro group is added in the meta position. The procedure included combining sulfuric acid, methyl benzoate, nitric acid, suction filtration, and purification through recrystallization. The recrystallized substance was then used to take the melting point determining how pure the crystals were. The reaction of methyl benzoate and nitric acid formed

Nitration of Bromobenzene Raekwon Filmore CM 244 Section 40 March 27, 2018 Introduction: For this experiment, nitration of bromobenzene was the focus of the lab. The benzene is an aromatic compound and when it reacts with wither a mixture of sulfuric acid or nitric acid creates what is known as a nitro group. The formation of the nitro group is possible because it is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The creation of the nitronium ion is shown below: The reaction with the nitronium ion

Aromatic Substitution 5. Introduction In this experiment, the directing effects of a bromo substituent was observed in the nitration by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The nitration was done with the addition of a nitric acid and sulfuric acid solution to bromobenzene, which was an exothermic reaction. When the reaction subsided, the mixture was heated before it was poured on ice and then neutralized to a pH of 8 with sodium carbonate. Liquid-liquid extraction was used to isolate

an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution because a nitro group is substituted for a proton on the aromatic ring. For this experiment, the electrophilic reagent is nitronium ion, it is formed by sulfuric acid on nitric acid. Furthermore, the less water present or the more sulfuric acid present, the more nitronium ion formed. The nitronium ion highly are highly electrophilic and can disrupt ring resonance so it can add to an aromatic ring. Moreover, the intermediate formed is stabilized by

after the final chemical reaction, solid, elemental copper returned. Each time the solution changed color, a precipitate formed, or when gas appeared, indicated that a chemical reaction was occurring. For the first reaction, copper was added to nitric acid, forming the aqueous copper (II) nitrate (where the copper went), along with liquid water, and

observed. Copper wire was dissolved in nitric acid. NaOH was then added to the dissolved copper solution, precipitating into Cu(OH)2. The precipitate was then placed on a hot plate and stirred until it became CuO. After sitting , the CuO was decanted twice, and H2SO4 was added. Zinc was then added to the solution to reduce Cu2+ back to its original form, and any excess Zinc was decanted. The liquid was decanted and the solid was washed with H2O to wash away any acid, and the solid was

aromatic ring and the electrophile. Two experiments were performed. First, the preparation of 4-nitro-1-bromobenzene takes place through a nitration of bromobenzene. The bromobenzene in this reaction will be treated with both sulfuric and nitric acid. These two strong acids mix together to form a nitronium ion intermediate which is extremely electrophilic. The strong electrophile is needed since the first mechanistic step of the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction results in a loss or aromaticity

his release from prison, he kidnaps Max on that morning. When Freak found where Max had been held hostage, he had a surprise for Killer Kane. He pulled out a squirt gun and tricked him into believing the dangerous chemicals that was in the gun. “Sulfuric Acid,” Freak says, raising the gun and sighting along the barrel. “Good old reliable H2SO4, an oily, colorless, corrosive liquid used in dyes, paints, explosives, and many chemical experiments” (132). Freak rescues Max, by squeezing the trigger right

. Experimental 2.1 Catalyst preparation In this paper we have to use different types of nitrate precursors to preparation of the catalysts. The precursors we used to preparation of the catalysts are cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate, copper nitrate and manganese nitrate. All the chemicals are used for manufacturing of the catalyst are A.R. grade and they are purchased from Otto Chemie Company. The different types of nitrate precursors was used to preparation of the catalyst and they are dried at 120°C

Ferricyanide; A Cyclic Voltammetry analysis Analytical Lab 1: 2410 L Name: Austin Stevens Lab Partners: 3:05-5:55 Group 2 Date: 10/12/15 Introduction: This Experiment was done to determine the concentration of an unknown, the half-wave potential, and to the determine the calibration curve of the reduction of ferricyanide to ferrocyanide through the use of cyclic voltammetry1: Fe(CN)63- + e- ↔ Fe(CN)64- Cyclic voltammetry uses the knowledge of voltammetry;

Population education is a study programme designed to help people understand the nature, causes, and consequences of population events by analyzing population situations at family level, community, nation, and the world at large. In this perspective; a) Elucidate on how rapid population growth is affecting the quality of life by categorizing the repercussions in each of the following aspects; i) Economic life Economic development is closely correlated with urbanization. No country has ever reached

3.3. Synthetic methodologies for dihydropyrimidinones 3.3.1. Classical method Scheme-1: The conventional method for the synthesis of DHPMs is the one-pot three-component reaction of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate and urea in the presence of an acid catalyst. The product of this novel one-pot, three components synthesis that precipitated on cooling of the reaction mixture was identified as 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and this reaction came to be known as “Biginelli reaction”, or “Biginelli condensation”

created nor destroyed. So after the last reaction is done there should be the same amount of copper as there was before you began. Material: Beaker Evaporation Dish Pipette Metal Copper Nitric Acid Litmus paper Sodium hydroxide Stirring rod Pure water Hot plate Beaker tongs Hydrochloric acid Aluminum wire Procedure: To begin the first procedure weigh your piece of copper

mined, phosphate rock is separated from particles of sand and clay and sent to a processing plant. These processes are usually wet to enable material transport and to reduce dust. Phosphate rock is THEN mixed with sulphuric acid to produce weak phosphoric acid. This phosphoric acid is mixed with various other minerals to produce liquid or solid fertilizers. Theses process vary with respect to the fertilizer being produced. Frequently manufactured fertilizers are triple superphosphates (SSP, TSP) and

Purpose/ Methods The purpose of this experiment was to determine the mass percent Cu2+ in a mineral sample (Malachite), and a rock sample (copper ore). Through the process of spectroscopy, the students were able to determine the percent of copper that each sample yielded. The students were also able to apply the information to the theoretical value of copper in malachite to determine the percent error of the mineral mass percent. Furthermore, the methods used in the experiment provide insight