Vibrio Essays

Purpose: As Vibrio cholerae is one of the major causes of death in the developing world, though it is very well understood, the authors undertook the work to see if a method already relatively common to the area could be effective in reducing cholera outbreaks. The authors objectives were to find a simple method that could be used without much training to reduce the incidence of cholera. Hypothesis: The authors’ hypothesis was that if a commonly used and simple water filtration system was used to

and Function. Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative, non-spore forming, curved rod that is oxidase positive. It is very motile and has a single polar flagellum. Vibrio cholera is 1- 3 µm by 0.5-0.8 µm, is a facultative anaerobe bacteria. (Public

infection of the intestines by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. The infection that can cause excessive passing of watery stools (diarrhea), vomiting, and other symptoms, often leading . Cholera can lead to severe dehydration. Dehydration is when you lose more fluids from your body than you take in. This can be life-threatening. If you have cholera, it is very important to get treatment as soon as possible. CAUSES This condition is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. You can get infected by: • •

Cholera is a disease that can be acquired by drinking water or eating food that is contaminated with the Cholera bacteria. Cholera usually spreads when eating raw or undercooked shellfish. The cholera bacterium can be found in marine water attaching itself to chitin-containing sea creatures. The cholera bacteria infects the intestines and the spreads to the rest of the body after it is ingested. The infection can be mild or with no symptoms, but 5-10% of people infected will have severe cholera

presence as well as the spread of a specific group of prokaryotes known as the vibrios is responsible for a multitude of infections in humans as well as animals. “Such increases has been associated with an unprecedented occurrence of environmentally acquired Vibrio infections in the population of Northern Europe as well as the Atlantic coast along the United States in recent years” (Vezzulli, Grande, Reid…Pruzzo, 2016). Vibrios is a gram negative bacterium that affects humans and is in the same family

Vibrio is a gram-negative bacteria with a curved-rod shape (Henry et al. 1994). Common pathogenic Vibrio species include Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, and Vibrio paraheamolyticus, and are the most prevalent pathogens in China. Taking Vibrio anguillarum for example, it caused deadly hemorrhagic septicaemic disease in many marine and freshwater species, including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Psetta maxima), sea bream (Sparus aurata), Asian sea bass

attacks the small intestine. In the small intestine, the bacteria cause an imbalance in minerals by secreting a toxin called CTX, which causes severe diarrhea. An infected individual can also spread the bacteria by contaminating water and food. Vibrio cholerae are present in high concentration in human stools. Therefore, impoverished areas and developing countries are at higher risk of being cholera endemic regions. There are many other secondary causes for the spread of this infection like eating

that the answer to all of these questions is cholera. Now I’m gonna tell you about Cholera and answer any questions that you may have. What causes cholera? Cholera is a infection found in the intestines. This is an infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio Cholerae. You can get the bacterium by drinking contaminated water or by eating uncooked food, such as sushi or even raw vegetables. CTX is a potent toxin that causes the deadly symptoms. You shouldn’t worry too much though, because you need to ingest

Introduction Bioluminescence is the emission of light by living organisms arising by exergonic chemical reactions. The term ‘bioluminescence’ originates from the Greek bios for "living" and the Latin lumen for “cold light" emission as less than 20% of the light generates thermal radiation. This has been reported in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms including bacteria, fungi, insects, algae, squid etc. Some of the bioluminescent organisms occur in symbiotic relationship with the higher organisms

Since the production of light requires a large amount of energy expenditure, Vibrio fischeri uses quorum sensing to regulate its gene expression after detecting changes in extracellular density[2]. Quorum sensing is used by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium [2]. Lux R and lux I are genes encoding proteins that regulates

I. Introduction Diarrhoeal disease is second in reasons on why children from the age of 5 and below die. This disease is responsible for the 760,000 children that die every year. Diarrhoea can last for several days and can also leave your body without the water and salts that are necessary for survival. Most people who die from diarrhoea actually die from severe dehydration. Children who are malnourished or have impaired immunity as well as people living with HIV are most at risk of life-threatening

Introduction As we all know, bacteria is a very complex organism and the subject can be very broad. In this essay, the focus will be on bacteria and the bacterial cell structure. Different forms of bacteria, its pros and cons, the cell structure, diseases and resistance will be explained and listed. First bacteria and cell structure is explained, and then moving on to different bacterial forms and diseases, and how diseases can be prevented or even cured. Then finishing the essay will be the conclusion

4. The mechanism of action of cholera toxin The cholera toxin is an enterotoxin which is secreted by the gram-negative bacteria Vibrio cholerae. The toxin is an protein complex which is made up by six subunits, one A subunit and five B subunits. The A subunit is the enzymatic subunit and the B subunit is the binding subunit [9]. The cholera toxin is released from the bacteria and once in the intestinal lumen it adheres to the apical surface of the epithelial cell. The B subunit of the toxin binds

Bile Salts Sucrose Agar is a recommended selective medium which allows the growth of bacteria belonging to the genera Vibrio. TCBS agar was prepared for about 100ml and poured into petri plates, after solidifying, pure colonies of bioluminescent bacteria was streaked. The petri plates were observed after 24 hours. If there is presence of yellow color colonies, it is concluded as Vibrio spp. 3.12.4 Species Verification by Sub-culturing at 4°C using SWC agar media The pure culture of Bioluminescent bacteria

20th Century At the turn of the 19th/20th centuries Louis Pasteur invented pasteurization while Robert Koch discovered his famous or infamous postulates: the anthrax bacillus, the tuberculosis bacillus and the cholera vibrio. Phase Contrast MicroscopeUV and Phase: By 1900, the theoretic limit of resolution for visible light microscopes (2000 angstroms) had been reached. In 1904, Zeiss overcame this limitation with the introduction the first commercial UV microscope with resolution twice that of

coccus – spherical/ round shaped bacterium (plural: cocci) 2. bacillus – rod shaped bacterium (plural: bacilli) 3. spirillum – spiral shaped bacterium (plural: spirilla) 4. vibrio- comma shaped bacterium (plural: vibrio) Bacteria can be classified according to the nature of their cell walls: The Gram stain test is a test used to identify bacteria by the composition of their cell walls. Gram staining is a method of staining bacteria involving

production, and response. Using autoinducers, bacteria can tell when they should collectively alter gene expression. A growing population of cells will be able to synchronize their gene expression through the use of multiple autoinducer signals. 3. Vibrio harveyi is unique that it makes two autoinducers (1 and 2). Only V. harveyi makes autoinducer 1. A transmembrane domain receives signals from the two autoinducers and sends information inside the cell through a phosphorylation cascade. Through

Certain diseases specifically linked to the Chesapeake Bay involving chemicals include: Vibrio, Cyanobacteria, and Cryptosporidium. The first disease, Vibrio, is a combination of warmer water, nutrient pollution (nitrogen and phosphorus), and other factors creating a bacteria which causes skin and blood infections. It can also contribute to intestinal illnesses and it is

Doxycycline Erythromycin Aside from antibiotics, there are many antidiarrheal medicines out there that have been developed. V cholerae: Treat infected individuals and contacts. Doxycycline is the first-line antibiotic, and erythromycin is second-line antibioti By decreasing duration of diarrhea and stool volume D. Prevention There are several precautions and preventative measures to be taken to prevent the spread and decrease the risk of contracting Cholera. The primary and long-term preventative

Content. Definition of water pollution. Water pollution is defined as the water contamination due to the direct or indirect pollutant that were discharge into river and contamination of the chemical that was not properly treated to remove harmful compound. Factors that cause water pollutions. There are several factors that causes the water pollution such as the non-point source, point source, rubbish dumping, industrial waste, and ballast water tank. Non-point source is the waste that come from many