Synopsis
Historical studies show that growing disposable income of a consumer and technological developments are responsible for the changing retail formats. This change might take a decade or more (United States) but it can occur rapidly as well (Thailand).This paper has helped in understanding the factors that affect the retail landscape, historical stages of changes in retail in the developed markets, changing trends of retail sector in Pakistan, change in consumer’s lifestyle and demographics. At last it overviews the future of Pakistan’s retailing sector. Retail trend can be learnt in terms of the formats ranging from the traditional ones to the modern ones. Consumer’s changing lifestyle, growth in disposable income, and developing technology
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The advancements in transport and communication provide a rapid movement of goods and help in lowering inventory levels. In 1880’s, the department stores and mail-order houses used advances in telegraph and railroads to exploit the opportunity of economies of scale and scope while in 1990’s, the global retailers used modern technology and distribution system for the same purpose. The internet, scanner technology, market research, and data obtained from credit cards provide various opportunities for retailers such as economies of scale and scope. The retail stores like Tesco and Wal-Mart price the products lower as compare to their products and this is one of the reasons that people consider modern format retail stores and other reasons include: large variety of products, all ranges available under one roof, and opportunity of “one-stop shopping”. These modern stores have some drawbacks as well and the major one is that they are located far from the city centers. It is critical for both consumers and suppliers though rents of property are less …show more content…
Economic growth had an impact on the buying behavior of the customer such as: Their spending power increased, they desired for convenience, etc. The transportation and communication networks provided the opportunities for economies of scale and scope. The wholesalers (large ones) dominated until 1880. The rise of large wholesalers was followed by the advent of railroads and telegraph in the 1840s which increased speed and reduced uncertainty and wholesalers played a main role in introducing and developing the department stores (modern) and mail-order houses. The retail sector started developing with the increase of modern departmental stores in 1850s. The first major development in retail was during the 1850s, with the rise of the modern department. The stores started with clothing items followed by furniture, jewelry, books, etc. In 1880s retailing became more successful than wholesaling and in 1900; the department stores grabbed the market. The second major development was the growth of mail-order houses in early 1870’s. It sold products through catalogue and parcel post. Earlier, the wholesalers with innovative approach sold the products through catalogues by salesperson. The third major development was the establishment of chain stores located in small towns and at the
However, following the Civil War, a new economy was born in the United States, mainly relying on steam-powered manufacturing, the transcontinental railroad, the electric motor, and the practical application of chemistry. Unlike the pre-Civil War economy and business, this new one was dependent on raw materials from around the world and it sold goods not only in Europe, but all around the world. After the Civil War, business organization also expanded in size and scale. As far as industrial changes go, the period after the reconstruction era was affected in that it used more modern methods to make goods that could be sold faster and more efficiently, with the new railroad system. By the beginning of the 20th century, the nation’s industry would be mainly fueled by banking, manufacturing, meat packing, oil refining, railroads, and steel, as opposed to the pre- Civil War era, in which many people were still farmers or factory
The early Transportation Revolution had a lot to do with this. The Transportation Revolution was a series of transportation innovations that linked local and regional markets, creating a national economy. New inventions such as the steam boat, perfected by Robert Fulton in 1807, created a major boost in domestic trade; this majorly implemented the economy. Also, the Lowell factory system created a way of employment in women and children, helping households by having another source of income, and helping the economy by providing a fairly cheap way to get more factory-made goods that were in high demand. The reason for this continuity is the way these movements created a more stable economy for the country.
In her essay, “In Praise of Chain Stores”, Virginia Postrel hails the progressiveness of chain stores and counters arguments made against them. As a frequent shopper in my city, I have experienced the benefits of chain stores and how they affect the locals that shop in them. I believe that chain stores have not turned Augusta into a boring city because they are familiar even to those new to the area, they have a high standard of quality and service, and provide fair fixed prices. First, Postrel quotes Thomas Friedman in her essay, stating that “…America is mind numbingly monotonous- the most boring country to tour; because ‘everywhere looks like everwhere else…’ the familiarity of a Walmart to someone new to Augusta may be a relief,
Microeconomic factors significantly affect a business, especially global expansion. Therefore, some factors to analyze and monitor are the price elasticity of goods, competition in the market and the economy state. The state of economy determines consumer spending trends. An economic downfall will lead to a decrease in consumers spending and an increase in the economy state, will escalate consumer spending. There is no doubt that competition in the U.S. is robust and is the same in China, however, Nordstrom must have the ability to choose their competitive advantage as a global expansion strategy regardless if it is suited for success in the Chinese market.
In the late nineteenth century there were many key technological developments the account for the American industrial growth. Technological developments were not the only thing that contributed to the rise of the American industry: raw materials, labor supply, entrepreneurs, federal government, and and an expanding domestic market. Although there were many contributing factors, technological development was one of the principal sources to industrial growth in the late-nineteenth century. In the late 1800’s Cyrus Field created a transatlantic telegraph cable to Europe and in the next ten year Alexander Graham Bell developed the first telephone taking the communication era to new heights.
The market revolution had a tremendous impact on many regions in the U.S., most notably the South and Northeast. The market revolution is a term used by historians to describe the expansion of the marketplace that occurred between 1815 and 1830, prompted mainly by major transportation improvements and various unique inventions to connect distant communities together for the first time. The South developed and thrived mainly from the cotton gin and the expansion of slavery. The Northeast flourished and bloomed from the factory system, interchangeable parts, transportation improvements, and women in the work force. The market revolution impact on the South and Northeast brought about widespread economic growth yet affected the regions differently, the South shifted from subsistence farming to commercial farming and the Northeast grew in mechanization and industrialization.
The economy was a category that experienced a significant growth in the 50’s. Consumerism increased after World War II, when the nation stopped prioritizing the military needs, consumer goods became popular as Americans established lives. Consumers and the economy immediately saw an upsurge in new consumer products. These products included washing machines, dishwashers, frozen foods, television, microwave ovens, lawn mowers and automobiles. Overall, products such as the washing machine and dishwashers made life easier and more efficient for families at home.
During this time, America increased it number of department stores and consumer products (Document G). Indeed, newly created companies at the time would grow to
Transportation meant more interactions of people and information, but often had devastating effects due to the human folly of wanting to decrease time. Women in the work force increased the production rate, as well as a boom in the economy, but were often treated in inhumane conditions and regarded lowly. Banks allowed vast opportunities for the wealthy investors, but also ended up disabling the poor working force, especially in the depression. As such, while there were evident benefits to the market revolution that heavily boosted the economy and development of the country, the drawbacks still outweighed the positives. Death and people taking advantages of others led to the market revolution being a dark time in American history.
Each of these aspects of the Gilded Age elevated the prominence of every other. Without the consumer culture, there would not have been nearly enough money being spent on the new products to justify inventing or producing more. The rise of consumer culture played an important role in the enormous economic boom of the Gilded Age, as it provided the demand for
This industry is very competitive with as many as thirty-seven firms and total estimated annual revenues of $125,904,840,000 (http://bi.galegroup.com/essentials/industry/448140?u=bentley_main). Retail giants like TJX, H&M and Gap are the top players of this industry with Nordstrom vying for the fourth largest market share and Dillard’s further down on the list. The success of Nordstrom Inc with respect to
Retail positioning aims to provide competitive edge by differentiating the retailer from its competition. This differentiation can be achieved through retail offerings that appeal to, and are easily identifiable to by its target market. This process is done by selecting market segmentations and matching them to the retail offerings as precisely as possible. It is vital to understand the consumers needs and wants in order to make a proper match and be distinguished from other retailers. Nordstrom distinguishes itself from other retailers by positioning itself as an upscale fashion store with outstanding customer service, and its multichannel approach.
Because of the expansion of the railroads throughout the upper Midwest and east, the manufacturing and retail sectors grew rapidly and also it became the dominant Midwestern center for industrialization, such as manufacturing, commerce, and finance. And Chicago has also
In this era of globalization, the supermarket industry is one of the common investment sectors. It is also forming retail common categories of food products such as fresh and meats, poultry and seafood, fresh fruits and vegetables, canned and frozen foods as well as various dairy products. Investment in this industry can be profitable if succeed but bear in mind that risk still exists if monitoring process is not carried out. Therefore, Professor Michael E. Porter from Harvard Business School has introduced a tool for purposes of analysis potential industry which is the most profitable and potential. Porter stated that five forces are deciding an industry either beneficial at future or it will become a case study and commerce practice (Porter, M.E., 2008).
Online shopping has nowadays become a widely spread way of shopping among people on different continents and in different countries. Its popularity is constantly on the rise considering the spread of Internet technologies and the increasing share of online shops in the retailing business. Online shopping activities are gaining wide spread as far as they tend to provide the consumers with numerous benefits and increase the convenience of buying without leaving the house. The popularity of online shopping grows due to a range of reasons, including its convenience as well as time- and money-saving potential.