So these civilizations were founded all around the same time. There are many similarities and differences in their political characteristics, social/cultural characteristics, and economic characteristics. First, Mesopotamia and Egypt are both similar and different to India politically. In the Middle East, Mesopotamia had independent city-states governed by monarchs, and Egypt had Pharaohs rule the kingdoms as gods. A monarch would a king or a queen, and Pharaohs
Also, the pyramids are close to the Nile. The Nile has always provided most of the water used to grow crops in Egypt and for anything else since much of the rest of the country is in a desert. The Nile was very important to Ancient Egyptians. In ancient times the Nile flooded every year and the people would starve if there was not enough water for the crops. The Ancient Egyptians got papyrus from the Nile.
Around 3500 to 3100 BCE, the rise of civilizations occurred in two different regions; one in Mesopotamia, another in Egypt. Mesopotamia was a vast open region between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Egypt was an isolated region along the Nile that runs from South to North. Blessed by the surrounding rivers, these two remarkable ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt developed socially, politically and culturally with unique features. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were similar in having a social class system to distinguish between different classes, as well as people’s value towards religion, and finally having the ability to pass information effectively.
Particularly, Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania and, Uganda are countries that rely on River Nile for existence. However, in recent years, the water demand due to growing populations in these countries poses water shortage issues as these 10 countries house 40% of the continent's population. (El-Fadel, 2003). Historically, Egypt and the city of Cairo has been the main water user, but now other countries are developing water projects to benefit from the Nile water, which is resulting in more conflicts between nations over water possession. In terms of control of the power of Nile River, it seems that Egypt is the most powerful actor because they have been in control of the river historically and they have the most resources to be able to have control over the river as opposed to other relatively poor nations that also use River Nile.
The Political Infrastructure varies greatly between Egypt and Mesopotamia. In Egypt the authority of government was created around 3100 B.C.E. from an individual named Menes which later caused for the authority of Egypt to be in the hands of Pharaohs during the Archaic Period (3100-2600 B.C.E.) and Old Kingdom (2660-2180 B.C.E). Pharaohs of the Archaic Period and Old Kingdom An example of a pharaoh that ruled Egypt would be Pharaoh Ahmosis, which during his reign from 1500 B.C.E had the full authority of Egypt.
Ancient Egypt SLL 1057F Amber Waynik WYNAMB001 Tutorial group 2 Jessica Nitschke 1.Hymn to the Nile i) The phenomenon that the “Hymn to the Nile “responds to the dependency of the Egyptian people on the Nile river. The text shows that the Nile river served as a source of life which sustained and provided all for Egyptians “who creates all that is good” (“Hymn to the Nile” stanza 9). The text asks questions about who controls the Nile and why it flow the way it does - the text itself answers that it is the Egyptian god Hapy who controls the Nile. Hapy is the god of the Nile (Professor David Wardle, Wednesday the 17th of February) who delivers the drought or the floods affecting the prosperity of the land (“Hymn to the Nile” stanza 1). The
“Extinction is the rule. Survival is the exception (Carl Sargon)”. According to The Epic of Gilgamesh and Genesis, unprecedented floods occurred in both stories. The exception fell on the kind men, Utnapishtim and Noah: they survived the powerful event of destruction. However, in the same theme of the stories, there are sources of similarity and differences.
The text: ‘Hymn to the Nile’ helps us to understand the importance of the Egyptian people’s relationship with the Nile as well as their adoration for the God Hapy. This text also emphasizes how dependent these Ancient people were on the Nile and we as academics can record the various effects the flooding of the Nile or lack thereof had on them in their daily
The Romans also had several devices at their disposal that sufficiently used the fundamental principles of surveying. These included the Groma, the Dioptra and the Chorobates. Two learned Romans, Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, and Sextus Julius Frontinus, wrote of surveying practices in the Roman Empire at the time of Christ. Presumably, there were more works from those times, but many classical works were irretrievably lost in the damaging of the Alexandrian library in 642
The Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the earliest, most glorious and influential civilizations the world has ever seen. It lasted for thousands of years starting from the nomadic farmers in the Nile Valley in 5000 BC all the way to the end of the Ptolemaic period, which marked the onset of Roman occupation in 30 BC. In order to make better sense of these 5000 long years, historians divided Egyptian history into alternating eras of unity and stability, called Kingdoms, which were in turn divided into the successions of rulers called dynasties and the durations of fragmentation in between, called Intermediate periods. While each of the three Kingdoms namely, the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom were consolidated in the presence of a strong, single power, each of the Intermediate periods that followed were instable and fragmented. Therefore, Ancient Egypt witnessed cycles of what historians refer to as the ‘rise and fall’ or ‘formation and reformation’ of the State.