Dried Fig Essay

We then added 10cm3 ethanoic anhydride to the salicylic acid and swirled the contents, this mixes together the two chemicals. We then added 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to the flask and thoroughly swirled the mixture, this creates the solution that makes the aspirin. We then warmed the flask for 20 minutes in a 400cm3 beaker of hot water which was approximately 60°C, we made sure the flask did not go above 65°C because this could have caused the contents to evaporate. Part 2: Using a 25cm3 measuring cylinder we measured out 15cm3 of ethanol into a boiling tube and then prepared a beaker half filled with hot water at approx. 75°C, we got this temperature by filling the beaker with cold water and slowly adding boiling water from a kettle until we reached the right temperature.

Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes. After reflux, we removed the reaction mixture from the apparatus and cooled it for several minutes. We transferred the mixture to the beaker that contained water (30 mL). We cooled the mixture to room temperature and added sodium carbonate to neutralize the mixture. We added sodium carbonate until the pH of the mixture was 8.

Once the cola starts to boil, continue to boil it for another 10 minutes so that the carbon dioxide is removed. When the cola has finished boiling, cool it in an ice bath and pour the cola back in the volumetric flask and use distilled water to fill the flask to compensate for the evaporated water. Using a volumetric pipette, transfer 60ml of the cola to a beaker and put the magnetic stirrer in the beaker. Submerge the conductivity probe in the cola. Fill up the burette with NaOH

4- Set up reflux system using a clean and dry condenser . 5- Place the flask on the hot plate and heat the reaction for 45 minutes - 1 hour . 6- When the reflux is over , remove magnetic stirrer and allow the reaction to cool to room temperature . 7- Add 20 ml of ice water to a separating funnel

500gms of fresh beetroot or its hairy root has to be homogenized with sand continuously for three times in 70% ethanol (100mg/L).Then extracts will be centrifuged at 10xg for half an hour and supernatants will be allowed to vaporise at 40°C under vacuum till they get dried. Then, the residues will be dissolve in 0.5L of 70% of methanol and this sample-methanol mixtures keep in refrigerator at -20 degrees for 24hr, consequently thawed and supernatants are carefully collected from the precipitate. Under vacuum, methanol will be evaporated, at 40°C, from the supernatants and following betalains are lyophilized from aqueous fractions and finally 6.5gms of dry betalains will be obtained (Christ, Alpha 1-2,

The retention factor for each dye was calculated. F or each of the Kool-Aid flavors, 2.0 g was weighed out from the packet and 5mL of water was mixed in with them each. mL of 0.1% NaCl solution was added to 100mL of bottled water. The six chromatography strips

Shake c) Slowly remove the lower aqueous layer through the stopcock into the same 500 ml beaker in which the solution is there. d) Pour the upper solvent layer through the neck of the funnel into a clean 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Return the aqueous solution from the 500 ml beaker to the separatory funnel. Add another fresh 40 ml of solvent to the funnel and again extract the aqueous solution as you did in b)

Isolation of Ibuprofen: Fifteen 200 mg ibuprofen tablets were used, which was 3.37g (16.34 mmol, 112.3%) ibuprofen. This amount of ibuprofen was submerged in 25 mL of acetone and stirred vigorously for 5 minutes to dissolve. Red coatings of the tablet were separated and vacuum filtration was utilized to dissolve all insoluble components. The melting point range of the crude ibuprofen was 72.4-73.9°C. The major bands from the IR are, FTIR: sp3 O-H stretch, about 3200-2500 cm-1 (b, m); sp3 C-H stretch, 2991-2868 cm-1 (sh, m); sp2 =C-H stretch, 3100-3000 cm-1 (sh, w); sp2 C=O stretch, 1701 cm-1 (sh, s); and sp2-sp2, aromatic, C=C stretch (in ring), 1507 cm-1 (s, m).

The mixture was finally made upto 5 mL with distilled water and placed in hot water bath at 95ºC for 1 h. After cooling, 1 mL of distilled water and 5 mL of the mixture of n-butanol and pyridine (15:1, v/v) was added. The mixture was vortexed and after centrifugation at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, the absorbance of the organic layer (upper layer) was measured in UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimatzu) at 532 nm against blank using distilled water. TBA when allowed to react with MDA aerobically formed a colored complex [MDA-(TBA) 2 complex] which was measured with spectrophotometer. MDA concentration (measured as TBARS) was calculated as

The volumetric flask was then filled up to its 100 mL mark with deionized water. The buret was washed out with dionized water and then with the strong base NaOH before being filled up with NaOH. About 20 mL of the unknown weak acid was pipetted into a beaker. The starting volume of the NaOH in the buret was recorded before about 4 mL of the strong base was titrated into the weak acid solution. The final volume was recorded.