Institutional Racism
Throughout this chapter, it looks at the historical underpinning of the Police in England and Wales. There will be definitions of racism and ethnicity and looking at theoretical perspectives of institutional racism. There will be an introduction to the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales and a brief historical insight into the history of policing in England and Wales.
It is important to have an understanding of racism and ethnicity as this is two of the main concepts of this study. Looking at a theoretical point of view orthodox Marxist theory argues that racism is a reflection of the manipulation of workers by the capitalist class to divide them along racial lines and reduce their capacity to struggle against the system. (Cashmore
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The early 1970s saw increasing political pressure from black and anti-racist organisations and street skirmishes between minority youths and the police (Sivanandan, 1974). This indicated the 1976 Race Relations Act, this outlined in directed discrimination in employment, educations, services and housing. However in 1981, the Brixton riots happened due to the uprising youth felt that the police was institutional racist this is when the Scarman report 1981 was released. Institutional racism ' does not exist in Britain: but racial disadvantage and its nasty associate racial discrimination have not yet been eliminated. They poison minds and attitudes; they are, and so long as they remain, will continue to be, a potent factor of unrest (Scarman 1981: 135). Even though Scarman rejects the concept that all police officer decimate against ethnic minorities, and the idea that police organisations of society are racist, but Scarman accepts that the practices of the police and some individuals unintentionally discriminate. In 1980s in Britain, institutional racism began to be used and became apparent. Following 1980s Britain, institutional racism began to be used in two ways; firstly, it described how racism became institutionalised as a policy and secondly, it identified racial inequalities throughout the government and working
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1025 Words | 5 PagesThe theory displays the idea that society isn’t an issue of race but more of the upper class having more power in ppolitics. Therefore, this theory has been used to imply that race doesn’t have a bearing on class. This is a false taking even though some blacks, Latinos, Southeast Asians have moved up to higher economic classes. In the class conflict theory, the dominant ruling class oppresses the lower class but it is all determined on class not race. Therefore, this model asserts that the capitalist should encourage racism.
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Summary Of The Criminal Justice System By Michelle Alexander
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Racial Profiling Summary
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Annotated Bibliography: Racial Profiling
1085 Words | 5 PagesNclive, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10892-010-9091-x. Paul Bou-Habib of the Department of Government at the University of Essex in the United Kingdom, presents this paper as a discussion of what he terms “background injustice” and racial profiling. He basically defines “background injustices”as social injustices over which the individual has no control within his profiled group. Bou-Habib suggests two accounts of background injustice. First is “responsible injustice”wherein the group proposing racial profiling is responsible for the injustice.
Racial Profiling Case
462 Words | 2 PagesThe murder of Oscar Grant was another case of racial profiling. Oscar Grant had been celebrating the New Years with some of his close friends and girlfriend. At 2:00 officers had responded to a report that a fight had broken out on the train. Grant was snatched off a train because police “felt” he was a part of the riot on the train, but he had nothing to do with it. In fact the train conductor said “Grant wasn’t one of the men that had been involved in the fight”.
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570 Words | 3 PagesTo support my claims I will be talking about incarceration, pullover rates & situations and police training in great detail. When it comes to the sentencing of convicted criminals, there are racial, ethnic and gender disparities. In 1984 the Sentencing Guidelines and Policy Statements of the Sentencing Reform Act, or short for SRA, was designed to eliminate sentencing disparities and states clearly that race, gender, ethnicity, and
Ethnic Disparity In Criminal Justice Essay
1233 Words | 5 PagesRacial and Ethnic Disparities actually begin before one even enters the Criminal Justice System. It all starts with Discrimination, a term that has been poisoning the world’s most ethnically diverse country for decades. And from Discrimination stems the problem of Disparity. The topic of Disparity and Discrimination go hand in hand. Robert Simpson brings an insightful point to the table when he writes, “ Race and Ethnic disparities in violent offending and victimization are pronounced and long standing.
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258 Words | 2 PagesEssentially, these forms relate to a struggle for power and resources, one side being the oppressed and the other the oppressor. As racism holds unfounded bias, prejudice and discrimination within its core ideologies, the conflict theory undoubtedly supplies the best approach to obtaining a general conception of the effects racism has on society. Compared to functionalism or symbolic interactionism, the conflict theory addresses the exploitation of groups, ultimately making it the best course of action to begin a rational
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406 Words | 2 PagesHe highlights how justice is seen as negotiable; for example, using Pollak’s ‘chivalry thesis’ (1950) we can establish that the police act in a chivalrous way towards women arguably shown in a BBC article which explains how women make up 20.1% of offences in 2007-2008, compared to the remaining 79.9% committed by men (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7401826.stm). Arguably, this negotiability is also seen with regard to race. In an article released by BBC, the author explains how “Black people are three times more likely than white people to be involved in Taser incidents” where “4,582 out of 38,135 taser incidents involved a black person of African-Caribbean origin or of mixed white and African-Caribbean origin - representing 12.7%” (http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-34511532). In addition, Piliavin and Briar (1964) found that the decisions made by the police to arrest youths were mainly based on
Cultural Diversity In Police Essay
407 Words | 2 PagesCulture diversity in police is important , in my opinion, as Australia is cultural diverse country. cultural diversity in police would provide people from many different backgrounds with the equal work opportunity to be part Victoria police. It also offers a chance for police members to communicate with wider communities. However, more important than cultural diversity in Victoria police is to have high standard of education and training to tackle diverse problems. Culture diversity in Victoria police provides people with equal work opportunity to be a member of Victoria police, and to not left out just because a person has different cultural background.
Police Brutality Thesis
416 Words | 2 Pagesof this report, Ferguson’s pattern of using excessive force disproportionately harms African-American members of the community. The overwhelming majority of force—almost 90%—is used against African Americans” (Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department 2015 pg28). As I stated in my thesis Institutional Racism is very alive and is clouding the judgement of police officers. The quotation previously stated from the department of justies own research they discovered factual evidence supporting my thesis that yes indeed officers are in fact more biased towards minority groups,and in this case Ferguson.
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