Theories Of Personal Learning

Learning is a process that brings together cognitive, emotional and environmental influences and experiences for acquiring, enhancing or making changes in one’s knowledge, skills, values and world views. According to Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive constructivism- humans construct their own understanding by reflecting on their personal experiences and by relating their new knowledge with what they already know. Humans create their own ‘schemas’ to make sense of the world and accommodate new knowledge by adjusting their ‘schemas’. For example, for a student to learn multiplication, he/she needs to have a good idea of addition and grouping objects. Here, the new knowledge of multiplication is constructed from/on the existing knowledge of repeated addition.

There are five different types of learning theories, behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, social learning, or constructivism. All of them propose various ways through which learning is realized. However, there is no single set of learning theory, which if followed to the latter can grant a tutor a perfect outcome in the classroom. For many years, the study of learning has resulted in heated debates. It has been at the center of educational psychology. Even though psychologists agree on the significance of learning as a topic of study, they often fail to agree on the mechanics of how the process of learning occurs. Shunk et al. (2012), define learning as "the process of acquiring a relatively permanent change in understanding, attitude, knowledge, information, ability, and skill is

Kohn’s student-directed learning theory is an approach to the classroom management which may be particularly effective in the modern classroom environment. Student-directed learning will keep students motivated and teaches them to cooperate with each other sharing responsibilities and functions within their community. Kohn believes that the ideal classroom emphasizes on curiosity and cooperation above all, and that the student’s curiosity should determine what is taught. "Skillful educators tap students ' natural curiosity and desire to become competent. In a learning environment, teachers want to help students engage with what they are doing to promote deeper understanding" (Kohn, 1997c).

Learner-centred teaching, which at times referred to as student-centred teaching and learner-centred instruction, is a key concept in constructivism; a theory in which "learners construct and reconstruct knowledge, in order to learn effectively" (A. Attard, E. Di Ioio, K. Geven, 2010). Students are the protagonists in learner-centred teaching, unlike teaching-centred teaching in which teachers take the centre stage. In learner-centred learning, students "construct knowledge through gathering and synthesizing information and integrating it with the general skills of inquiry, communication, critical thinking, problem solving and so on" (Perumal, 2015).

Learning enables you as an individual, to gain more knowledge about something which you have never learned about. Learning also has to do with past experiences which are influenced by behavioural changes (Weiten, 2016). There are different types of ways to learn; through, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning which will be discussed and analysed in the essay.

One of the most analyzed theories in criminology today is the social learning theory. The social learning theory derives from the differential association theory by Dr. Edward Sutherland. The social learning theory of criminology says that individuals learn from the community around them. This happens in two ways by differential association and differential reinforcement. Differential association is the theory that individuals learn values and behaviors related with crime. Differential reinforcement is the fact that rewards and disciplines shape behavior.

It is transformative and places the learner at risk for change reconstructing the learner’s frame of knowledge (Kegan, 2009). CDT considers that, “…a form of knowing always consists of a relationship or temporary equilibrium between the subject and the object in one’s knowing” (Kegan, 2009, p. 53). Kegan’s constructive-development theory is based on the key ideas of people making sense of the reality in which they live and that they can develop over time with appropriate developmental supports. Kegan’s (2009) theory consist of five stages “of knowing”. The adult stage of “instrumental way of knowing” is primarily self-centered, has high expectations of the teacher, and processes their experiences based on what they will gain from a particular situation. The “socializing way of knowing” learner has developed an improved capacity of reflection. The learner bases their values, ideas, and beliefs on others opinions relying on social relations, validations, and a sense of belonging. Finally, in the stage of “self-authoring way of knowing” the learner has his or her own identity, ideas, and set of values. Learners reflect on and direct their relationships as a critical thinkers not in need of a higher authority for

not even know that learning is occurring. The gaining of new knowledge and or skills from experience leads to change in behavior is the logical definition of the term learning (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2015). There are three different ways to come about learning these are, Classical conditioning, Operant conditioning and Observational Conditioning. Each conditioning is unique in their own way in describes a different way of learning. Right now we’ll focus more o n Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning.

Important pieces of learning often occur in pulses, but the process of learning itself is better characterized as a continuous process. This becomes clear when we think about all the different kinds of learning that make up our childhood and later life as well. However, the truth behind both the ‘pulse’ and ‘continuous’ views of learning should motivate research and thinking about what it means to learn, and why it is so essential to human and animal

Learning is a change in behavior over time that is brought about by experience during training in educational encounter (Akubuiro and Joshua, 2003). Training as part of education, is the acquisition of knowledge, skills and competence as a result of the teaching of practical skills and knowledge that relate to specific useful competences (Angel, 2007). Training helps the learner to acquire certain useful skills and develop critical mind for the learner’s self-development. Therefore, the knowledge that comes from training is more of knowledge of how to do or perform specific tasks. Thus, the

“The first reason for people 's slavery is our ignorance, and above all, our ignorance of

According to some researcher’s experiential learning theory (ELT) has been widely used in management learning research and practice for over thirty-five years. Building on the foundational works of Kurt Lewin, John Dewey and others, experiential learning theory offers a dynamic theory based on a learning series driven by the resolution of the dual tensions of action/reflection and experience/abstraction. These two dimensions state a holistic learning space wherein learning transactions take place between individuals and the environment.

Instead of doing the same thing every single day, it is beneficial to try new things. When people experience new things, and are introduced to new material, they are learning. Some people do not realize it, but we all learn something new every day. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience. Learning can be adaptive and flexible to meet life’s demand. Although it is important to learn new things, the new material learned is not as important as the process of learning itself. In the process of learning, one’s mind is transformed and engaged. They will be introduced to new things and their ideas and thinking will be changed forever. When learning new things, seeing the value of things become

The decision to return to school is a significant step for adult learners, particularly after a long absence from formal learning, and there are many factors in making that decision. Perhaps to develop or achieve professional goals, higher career status, professional security, or to personal goals, such as, seeking knowledge and new skills. As adult learners, they bring lived experiences and develop knowledge to the classroom, most are self-directed, goal oriented, therefore, have different ways in approaching learning and may require particular learning environments.

The key to being successful in life, I think, is figuring out who you are as a person. Just as you should know your own strengths and weaknesses, likes and dislikes, you should also know which learning style suits you best. Identifying your preferred learning style sets you up for success by enabling you to work, learn and live to your full potential. While we all have an instinctive preference, or dominant learning type, no one is completely kinesthetic or completely auditory; everyone uses a combination. Knowing how you learn is important as it can enhance your ability to study and retain information more efficiently, and also leave room for improvement in areas that are not your strong suit. Always being self-aware of how you learn allows