Abstract
The problem of “Truancy” is increasingly common in Hong Kong and is an issue of arousing the general public’s concern to students ' behavior, for example Truancy, students who usually run away from school, attributing to the current Hong Kong Educational System. According to the reciprocal determinism of the social cognitive theory suggested by Bandura (1977), a person’s behavior is the result of the interaction between personal factors and environmental factors, resulting in a student who run away from school, are generated by the in interaction of several factors (Bandura, 1977). There are many factors cause them have lower learning motivation, for example personal factors, family factors, peers factors, school factors and social
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They mostly run away from school in order to avoid punishment or failure and seek for pleasure (吳武典, 民 75). The second nature is truancy is a bad behavior and causes some serious behavior, for example drug abuse, theft and gambling, because they may meet some bad friends like gangs (吳武典, 民 75). The third nature is truancy will cause a vicious circle to the students, using students who have bad academic results as an example, they run away from school in order to they cannot get identity from teachers and classmates, the academic results may get worse after they run away from school, therefore it will cause a vicious circle (吳武典, 民 …show more content…
According to the Stages of Psychosocial Development suggested by Erik Erikson (1950), students are in the Adolescence stages, the task in this stage is to develop a sense of identity, for example “Who am I?”, and the development of the sense of identity is based on the peer system. If they cannot fulfill the task, they will have role confusion, they cannot have consistent sense of self identity, therefore this cause the problem of students run away from school (王壘,2016). Also, they run away from school because they have lower self-esteem. According to the Five Building Blocks of Self-esteem suggested by Michele Borba (2003), there are some reasons showing students have lower self-esteem: Firstly, students do not have a sense of selfhood because they cannot accept themselves and identify themselves are unique in their interpersonal relationship, therefore this cause the problem of students run away from school (Borba, 2003). Besides, students do not have a sense of affiliation because they cannot get accepted and recognized, so they cannot feel connected with others and get self identity from others, therefore this cause the problem of students run away from school (Borba,
In addition, creating a school routine and schedule help the high school students to set their goals towards achieving their role after school. This will enable the students to succeed more especially in their studies. The program suggest why the high school students have hard time to understand as well as listening given that they have diverse goals and aspirations for their day. While teachers are directing their students, a neutral language is recommended to keep their students in order to be encouraged. A negative behavior in most cases brings a behavior that leads to power
Where one may see it as an absense, a just a day they missed a worksheet that can be picked up and finished the following day. is a direct waste of money for all those who have to pay for the education – and such people are the majority. also a complete sign of utter disrespect to those who do not have to luxury to encounter this free education that sets them up for life Students who skip classes are more likely to get lower grades and face a biased attitude from their teachers leading to a miserable year because teachers have the power to do so; moreover, they have lower chances to successfully graduate, and enroll in a college – of any type. Such students are also more likely to live on a welfare, and get engaged in antisocial behavior. Therefore, this problem should be treated and enforced with discipline consequences with all possible attention from teachers, parents, and
Many researchers have examined the contribution of the adolescent egocentrism
His model of ‘eight stages of psychosocial development’ explains that the human development process is influenced by the society, culture, personal circumstances, relationships and environment. He considers that identity, emotions, thoughts and personalities are formed through the associations between the individuals, the society and the circumstances in which they live in. He speaks about the development challenges and conflicts individuals have to tackle in the stages of their lives (Crawford and walker: 2007). The ability to deal with these challenges and conflicts can be the source of gaining vital expertise, skills and strength for the next stages. Although successful conclusion of each stage is not entirely critical, failure can be detrimental to the development of the personality, character and self- regard and, may possibly bring about developmental stagnation, whereas assistance and support can help to overcome this obstacle (Trevithick: 2012).
In the essay "Cracking down on Skipping Class: High-Tech Trackers Aim to Boost Attendance, as Colleges Seek HIgher Graduation Rates", Douglas Belkin claim “College accused 64 students of cheating in a sports-ethics class last semester when students used a clicker—individually linked to each student—for classmates who were absent” (Belkin 116). Colleges are finding intelligent ways to track if a student is in class or out hanging out with friends. College students have been recently been getting montoried whether they show up to class or not by clickers, ID card trackers, and retention systems. Parents and students will be notified if their child skips class. As result more students come to class due to the fact their parents have a sense
“One scabby sheep is enough to spoil the whole flock,” and draws a bad picture of handwork. In these cases, parents have the right to put them under pressure in order to bring them back to education track. Hence, social forces are the only bridge separating themselves from their
I can see them in the office. Kids who have been fighting and now they 're getting suspended. These kids will have bad grades because all the days they missed in school. Many of these kids will turn around and get in more fights and eventually fail school. I read an article called “In L.A., policy shift yield decline in school suspensions” by Christine Armario.
These stages are composed of conflicts a person goes through as they develop throughout the lifespan. First is Basic trust vs. Mis-trust, the second is Autonomy vs. Shame, the third is Initiative vs. Shame, the fourth is Industry vs. Inferiority and the last stage this paper will discuss is Identity vs. Role confusion. He put a crucial emphasis on adolescents because at their stage in development they are figuring out who they are; Identity vs. Identity confusion. Adolescents go through a period of psychosocial crisis, this is a developmental period when a person has to resolve a conflict in his or her own life. The common question they face is “who am I?”.
After an examination of Erik Erikson and Daniel Levinson’s theories at first sight not much is alike, since the stages both differ, but digging deeper in Erikson's and Levinson’s theories have similar ideas in social development; after all, these two studies differ in the outcome. Erik erikson's theories have a greater underlining on child-adolescent development, he believes that early development of a child is the foundation and is the greatest impact on a person's identity and personality later on in life. Erikson presents the stages from childhood to adulthood, but in his theory the only significant development is during childhood, which is the problem, since an individual goes through life experiences throughout life they may have a great impact as an adult too. On the other hand Daniel Levinson’s theory signifies changes throughout all of life's experiences, from childhood to adulthood and continuing. Levinson’s theory believes that we adapt ad we let go of certain things as we move on in life and move from one stage to another.
Holden Caulfield's Development When we are are small we were all raised differently which can affect us in different ways as Erik Erikson states “Personality development takes up an entire lifetime and has eight psychosocial stages. ” When we are adolescence (12 to 18) we are on our fifth stage and it is a crucial stage because this stage focus on identity vs. Role confusion and in this time it's when we find out who we are and what we want to be. But establishing an identity within society can lead to what Erik Erikson refers to as role confusion, “ Role confusion involves the individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society.” At the time of role confusion an adolescent may explore and experiment with different cultures
Occupational Therapy Model / Frame of Reference (FOR) There are several frames of references that occupational therapy utilizes. The frame of reference (FOR) gives the therapist guidelines to follow as interventions are conducted. Choosing a proper FOR is key for the best treatment approach for each unique patient.
The adolescence stage of development is a critical transition period in a child’s life because this is the stage at which the child struggles to discover their identity, as they evolve into adults. Throughout this transition, the child experiences different physical, cognitive, and social changes that cause the child to feel the need to reconsider their identity. Psychologist Eric Erikson theorizes that, “adolescents experiment with different roles while trying to integrate identities from previous stages”. This theory created by Erikson is the fifth ego crisis referred to as “identity vs. role confusion”. Identity vs. role confusion demonstrations the adolescent’s conflict between social role expectations, the need to fit in, and the ability
Identity development during adolescence Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood and also a period of prominent change for teenagers when physical changes are happening at an accelerated rate. Adolescence is not just marked by physical changes but also cognitive, social, emotional and interpersonal changes as well. The development of a strong and stable sense of self known as identity development is widely considered to be one of the crucial tasks of adolescence. Identity development of an adolescent is influenced by external factors, such as their environment, culture, religion, school and the media.
Due to challenges as well as issues confronted by adolescents they may have identity confusion which is comprised of identity foreclosure, negative identity and diffusion. Identity foreclosure alludes to the identity crisis being resolved by making a series of premature decisions about one’s identity, based on other’s expectations of what and who one should be. Negative identity alludes to adolescents who form an identity contrary to the cultural values and expectations and diffusion refers to a kind of apathy in which the youth lacks any kind of passion or commitment (Louw&Louw, 2007). However, this challenge could be overcome by positive role identity or identity achievement which is “the sense of really knowing who one is and in general, where one is headed in life” (Fleming, 2004: 9).Erikson’s theory states that, throughout life, individuals go through various stages during which one will meet ever changing psychosocial challenges.
Several studies have been done to identify problems that affects student’s academic performance. The students’ academic performance depends on a number of socio-economic factors like students’ presence of trained teacher in school, teacher-student ratio, attendance in the class, sex of the student, family income, mother’s and father’s education, , and distance of schools (Amitava Raychaudhuri,