Motivation Theory And Herzberg's Two Factor Theory

Alternatively, Motivation Theory offers a more dynamic approach and is more interested in understanding the process of developing motives rather than trying to offer a static analysis of needs. In the process theories of motivation there is less emphasis on specific factors that cause specific behavior. For example, a content theory might suggest that increases in pay can improve satisfaction and performance, while a process theory would explain why that might be the case.

Herzberg two factor theory

Herzberg looked, not at motivation directly, but at the causes of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in an attempt to understand what motivates people at work and from his research, he proposed a two factor theory. The two factors were:

Motivators

These were such things as a sense of achievement, an opportunity for personal growth, the sense of having done a job well, having responsibility and achieving recognition for their work.

Hygiene factors

These included such things such as money, working conditions, job security, company policy, quality of supervision and interpersonal relations.

Motivational and hygiene factors are qualitatively different and have

Expectancy theory hypothesizes that it is the anticipated satisfaction of valued goals which causes an individual to adjust their behavior in a way which can be traced back to the early Utilitarians. J.S Mill and J. Bentham described an ethical system in which people determined their actions by a conscious calculation of the consequences which they expected actions to be brought about. In the twentieth century, psychologists such as Tolman and Lewin, were advocates of theories of performance by people who held that performance is governed by expectations concerning future events. This turned a normative theory of how people should base their actions, into a positive of how to