Subject: History An Investigation on the role of an individual in ensuring independence of a nation Research Question: To what extent did Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX play an integral role in ensuring that Indonesia became independent from the Netherlands 1945-1949? A. Introduction: This piece of historical investigation will assess the extent of Sultan HB IX’s role in pushing for the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands. The struggle for Indonesia’s independence has been a subject that I take great interest in and analyzing the situation in this context would give a broader perspective in relation to the Sultan’s contributions and significance during that time. My main analysis shall evaluate the Sultan’s role …show more content…
Vickers, Adrian. A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge UP, 2005. Print Adrian Vickers is a highly experienced professor of Southeast Asian Studies and takes a great interest in Indonesia history. Adrian Vickers’s book seeks to give a history of Indonesia until the ascension of SBY to the Presidency. Since Adrian Vickers is neither an Indonesian nor Dutch, his full capacity as an academic has led him to become unbiased from the two parties. Furthermore, his position allows him to receive more research that is external from a Dutch and Indonesian background. However, since his expertise is only on Indonesian history, he is unlikely to provide an equally extensive scope of knowledge or interest on Dutch history. Additionally, since the book is not specialized in a certain period or era of history, information is not detailed or thoroughly explained. Adrian Vickers did not give more light to important events such as the March One Offensive. That being said, Adrian Vickers was not a witness nor was involved in Indonesian-Dutch relations at all and therefore information might be limited to an external perspective and not an internal one—making it possible that what he thought was important might not be as relevant to an Indonesian or Dutch
The era following the Second World War was marked by a dramatic change in the world order as countries across Africa, Asia, and Central America underwent independence movements that completely upended their political systems. The war had left the world in shambles and the widespread beliefs in Social Darwinism and the concept of a ‘superior race’ that were originally used to justify European rule in foreign areas were challenged. The political climate also changed over the span of World War 2, especially in the weakening of the imperial power’s rule as well as the newfound sense of nationalism that had been sparked in dozens of countries. People wanted change to happen in their country and supported leaders and organizations that pursued independence
A well-organized government and bureaucracy were vital to the smooth running of the large and culturally diverse empire. The sultan ruled as an absolute monarch, but the empire was divided into provinces ruled by governors. The sultan was also supported by a vast network of advisors, officials, and administrators who carried out the various duties of managing the empire. Showing a willingness to adapt different methods, the Ottomans used features from a mix of governmental systems to create their own form of rule, and they also allowed some local political and legal customs to continue to function. Given the diversity of the empire 's inhabitants, the Ottomans found it useful to divide populations into groups called millets, which were based
By the sixteenth century, the Ottomans had emerged as one of the most important Empires in Europe, and in the territories known today as the Middle East.” The battle between Habsburgs and Ottomans goes deeper than just a religious versus non-religious logical happenstances. As the two thriving empires, had similar yet diverse ideals when it comes to their political, economic and social structure of the two empires. As many governments are ran mainly by power and money, the Habsurg and Ottoman government was ran by religion. All the while, as both empires used their military to enhance their religion, rich their economy and take part in the slave trade they had similarities and differences like any other country who was at war with eachother.
Primary sources are eminent for historians to discover events that occurred in the past, without such sources of information, there would be no knowledge of an incident. Some events can have many sources describing exactly what occurred, which is celebrated by historians as this gives a fuller picture of the past. However, some events have only one written surviving source- one such event is the Stono Rebellion. Therefore, historians are reliant on this source for all the information of the revolt, but it has still created controversy due to numerous reasons, such as the identity of the author, and the exact date. Both controversies will be explored later in this commentary.
Our group discussed the Ottoman empire and their management of religion, economy, and political power that makes the Ottomans so great. Erika talked about how using taxes and drafting other religions to prevent revolt and integrate them into Ottoman society. We discussed that suppressing the christians and giving them a path to achieve wealth and success is what caused the empire to flourish. We talked about how empires fell because of internal strife, rebellion, outside forces, or disease. The devshirme that Vaughn mentioned prevented major religion tension.
Suleyman made the Ottoman Empire the most powerful empire in history by concurring three different continents and constructing the Golden age of the empire. This magnificent sultan had it all and his amazing legacy is still told today, which is remarkable(Hays 1). Suleyman was born September 6, 1494 in Trabzon, In addition “Suleyman was born two years after Columbus have sailed to America”(Hays 2). Suleyman had a hard
Throughout history, many impactful and memorable empires have arisen. Each empire has its own defining traits that lead to its success or demise. Some empires are very similar, while some posses many different traits. And although some can possess the same quality, their implication and utilization of that quality can create many gaps in the empire’s overall similarity to the other. Two powerful and historically important empires are the Ottoman empire, and the Mughal empire.
His use of books, newspapers, historical documents, and other sources raise his credibility as well. The notes placed at the back of the novel help readers gain more background knowledge and the index allows the audience to have a convenient and fastly accessible list of the important sources and topic expressed in the novel. It provides further historical context on events displayed and documents
Unit 1 Essay Governments back in 1450-1750 CE was governed by successful emperors and some were governed by some emperors that ran the empire into complete disaster and chaos. There was two successful empires though that made history, it was the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire with their systems that help them stabilize, centralize and maintain control. Both empires had great powerful emperors that lead the empire to Success! The Mughal Empire lasted between the 1526-1858 with some great emperors that were able to maintain their control.
Introduction Human history is abundant in examples of individuals who have amassed such power with themselves that have allowed them to control entire populations, and often unleash tyranny and oppression upon millions of people. Throughout history there have been individuals who have held an iron grip over entire nations, concentrating totalitarian power with themselves, denying any freedom to people, crushing any form of dissent, and often unleashing mass violence, terror, and in some cases genocide. These people have shaped the future of peoples, regions and continents, starting wars and conflicts, and determining the course of millions of lives. And because of this very fact, that a single person could such a huge impact over the lives of so many people, it is very important to study the very factors that caused these individuals to make the decisions that they did, specifically, the factors and that shaped up the personality of these
Selim’s son, Suleyman, made tremendous impact on the Ottoman empire, driving it to it’s peak. Suleyman made an efficient and structured government that reduces bureaucracy. He also made law codes to handle criminal and civil actions, limited taxes, and improved citizens lives. By giving slaves education, it gives them the knowledge and ability to work in the future. He also allowed citizens to have freedom of religion.
Kwame Nkrumah is known as a Ghanaian revolutionary. He was a politician, author, leader, and the first prime minister and president of Ghana, leading it to independence from Britain in 1957. He had a vision of how Africa could be united and work against imperialism while achieving a common goal of colonial freedom. In Towards Colonial Freedom, he delves straight into the topic of colonialism and how it affected Africa and his perception of African unity.
One of the many reasons why the Ottoman culture became a well-organized empire was its social hierarchy system. The Ottoman social class had the commander on top (sultan) and the slaves on the bottom (rayyah) but however, a person’s social level could change anytime, unlike other caste systems in Japan or Britain where people stayed at the same level for the duration of their lives. The Sultan dealt with politics and state wealth. Under the Sultan were the wealthy leaders that defended the empire and ran the military and other offensive expansion
Here, he acted as the head of the army and government. All final decisious with respect to law, appointments, treaties, etc. came back to him. However, he had a plethora of advisors and leaders under him to delegate work unto. The governmental system was bureaucratic in nature, allowing for a fluid operation of each section (military, agriculture, treasury, etc.). The empire continued to enlarge during Muhammed’s control.
It begins with the more detailed description of both leaders and managers, outlines the main characteristics and tasks, followed by discussion and supported by examples. In conclusion, the most valuable points of the essay will be summarized briefly.