Review of Related Literature
This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions, methodologies and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.
Adolescence or teenage years is the most critical period in a person 's life. It is considered as the "developing" stage of a person. Discrimination negatively affects this developing stage and the teen may suffer from trauma or other mental or psychological disorders.
Adolescence from the study Promises Treatment Center. (2015), is the stage of life in which you search for your identity. It is a time of discovery and uncertainty that is why experimentation or risk-taking are common
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Discrimination is not only based on gender differences but on how people negotiated differently because of their sex. An online source entitled "The Causes, Effects & Remedies for Gender Discrimination (2018)" tells us that gender discrimination is an illegal act and different laws are provided to lessen discriminatory practices.
To continue, gender discrimination is the unequal treatment of an individual because of gender. Gender discrimination strikes men and women. It is visible in work scenarios where one gender is given preferential treatment or one gender takes less pay or job responsibilities because of gender bias and injustice stereotypes. Gender discrimination also happens in sports, educational institutions and political organizations. Genders also experience sex discrimination whenever applying for housing or applying for credit.
LGBT discrimination is common and it 's members are likely to experience 10 times more discrimination than heterosexual people base to author Friedman, M. (2014) . Benign jokes, verbal insults, unequal treatment, and violence are some forms of mistreatment to them. Bias is everywhere and rejection lasts for lifetime for many LGBT
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Physical violence includes kicking, hitting, stealing, or damaging belongings. Extreme cases of physical abuse go as far as rape, etc. according to Hunter, D., & Woest, H. (2006).
People say that deepest scars are those that left unseen. It is usually said about the psychological and emotional damage that an individual encounters. Compared to the physical scars, the invisible emotional scars are very hard to heal, as they last longer till adulthood. Verbal abuse from parents is a type of domestic violence which marks deep imprints in the personality of the children. Teens who experienced criticisms or being mocked at by their parents grow up to have low self confidence, which continues until professional health is sought. Harsh and unnecessary criticism upsets the foundation of the behavior that they exhibit as they grow older. It makes them feel useless and unworthy, confused and angry. These feelings evolved low self-esteem in the youth, which is highly damaging for
Many parents of the victims often have a hard time accepting the fact that their child is different and react in an unfavorable way. For example, in the book “Violence Against Queer People,” by Doug Meyer, who explains how most teens who come out to their parents are thrown out of the house. Being thrown out of their own home drives them to substituting school pastimes. “Drugs and prostitution replace school as a way of life. At the most critical time of their lives, their parents have denied them the support they need to become productive adults.”
Q1.3 Explain the impact of adolescent development on a young person’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours A1.3 Adolescence is a time of great change for young people when physical changes are happening at an accelerated rate. Puberty is accompanied by physical, psychological and emotional changes adapted to ensure reproductive and parenting success. But adolescence is not just marked by physical changes – young people are also experiencing cognitive, social/emotional and interpersonal changes as well. It marks a transition in risks for depression and other common mental disorders, substance abuse, eating disorders and anti social behaviours. As they grow and develop young people are influenced by outside factors, such as their environment, culture, religion, school and the media.
Physical violence can cause serious psychological effects in teens, just as abuse left Jews in the concentration camps scarred for life, as shown in Elie Wiesel’s book Night. Things such as rape and being beaten can lead to horrible consequences of stress induced mental disorders such as PTSD. One of the worst types of physical violence that occured to the Jews is rape. Rape is defined as “sexual intercourse with a female forcibly and against her will. Attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included (Dingwell).”
Adolescence can be described as a period of awareness and self-definition. According to Erikson (1968), it is an important period in the enduring process of identity formation in the life of an individual. The movie ‘The Breakfast Club’, focuses on a group of five adolescents, and their pursuit to find their prospective identity. This essay will focus on the process of identity development in these five adolescents, with particular reference to the character Andrew Clark. In addition, it seeks to highlight the different identity statuses, as well as, the factors that facilitate or hinder identity formation.
Human oppression can be defined as the feeling of being heavily burdened, mentally or physically by troubles and adverse conditions ("Dictionary.com"). There are many forms of human oppression and we will take a closer look at all of those. We will also, take a closer look at some real life examples. Furthermore, sexism can be defined as unfair treatment of people based on their sex ("Merriam-Webster.com").
Imagine this: you are living in a discriminatory world full of people who do not understand you, and choose to judge you by your differences instead of getting to know you. If you are even the slightest bit different. The slightest distance from ordinary, you are judged. You do not get to fight for them to know you, because as soon as they place stereotypes on you. They decide who you are supposed to be.
“I've learned that verbal abuse can be just as damaging as physical abuse and can take longer to heal from.” ( Dugard) This quote is showing how most people don’t know that verbal abuse is just as bad as physical abuse. Verbal abuse gets into your mind. It brainwashes the person and twists their way of thinking.
A child who experiences trauma of domestic violence will hinder their emotional growth, hence the child will not develop and maintain a normal level of trust. A child that experiences domestic violence or is exposed to domestic violence can develop a fear of their environment, for they think that everyone will try to hurt them. They also do not trust anyone with their problems or issues, hence they will keep everything inside and this will affect their state of mind. An abused spouse may experience chronic psydiasmatic pain or pain due to diffuse trauma without visible evidence. This form of pain will have a very bad effect on the body.
As adolescences enter adulthood, they enter a long transitional period, often known as “emerging adult”. This transitional period takes place over a range of 18 to 25 years old (Santrock, 2013). At this stage, emerging adults are still in exploration in the various aspect of life such as the career path they are interested in, defining their identities and a style of living they would want to adopt. Thus, adolescences who are in transition will be caught with many intense changes and will experience major life events that are all of great importance.
An example of people who may be discriminated against because of their gender would be either a male or female but this would mean that someone
"Child Abuse and Neglect" says that Physical abuse can include "striking a child with the hand, fist, or foot or with an object, burning, shaking, pushing, or throwing a child; pinching or biting the child, pulling a child by the hair or cutting off a child’s air." However, physical abuse is considered to be a use of punishment in wrecked as well as normal families such as the use of physical force with the intent of inflicting bodily pain, but not injury, for the purpose of correction or control or discipline. Yet, there is a thin line between physical punishment and abuse which many parents seem to lack notice of. "Child Abuse and Neglect" explains that the level of force used by an angry or frustrated parent can easily get out of hand and lead to injury. Emotional or verbal abuse is one of the worst forms of mistreatment due to its invisibility.
According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, gender refers to the state of being male or female. Gender bias is the unequal treatment in opportunities and expectations, either at home workplace or anywhere, due to attitudes based on the gender of a person or a group of people. Gender bias has increased significantly over the years. Even in the most developed countries, gender bias is a huge problem. Gender bias is the belief or attitude that one sex is of higher power than the other.
It is the period where most developments such as physical changes, social developments, and developments of moral reasoning take place. A substantial amount of cognitive development also takes place at this stage. As such, parents and guardians should relax childhood restrictions and allow their children to be more involved in making decisions that affect their lives. However, as some of the teenagers might not have established commitments to a particular identity, parents should retain their roles as sources of support, guidance, and comfort to their
DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOLOGY: REFLECTIVE ESSAY In life of an individual there are several developmental changes or events which occur as continuity of span of life. Some of life developmental stages include infantile, adolescence, maturity, and adulthood. These phases have biological, social, psychological and physiognomic reasons to which an individual completed the course of life. Psychological analysis upon the developmental stages include the focus on characterization, demarcation and the social interaction of individual’s life (Baltes & Schaie, 2013).
The child behaviour changes and develops in a morally suitable way and adopt the values from his/her parents; new skills and knowledge. Lastly, the Genital stage (12 years and up). This is the last stage of the personality development where puberty begins. During this stage, if all other stages have been successfully achieved, the teenager develops an appropriative sexual behaviour that may lead into a loving relationship, marriage or child birth.