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Positive And Negative Impacts Of Tourism And Community Development

855 Words4 Pages

Research on tourism impacts on host communities has undergone several evolutionary stages from unrestrained advocacy of tourism development to scientific examination of the benefits and costs of tourism industry in various settings （Jafari, 2001）. Many researchers and planners have suggested that an effective tourism planning requires the resident’s involvement to mitigate the negative impacts and to clarify the benefits associated with the tourism industry （Arnstein 1969; Chambers 2002; Sewell and
Coppock 1977; Rohe and Gates 1985; Wates 2000）.
Ⅱ．ALTERNATIVE TOURISM AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Community development originated in the self-help programmers that were developed during the depressions years in the United Kingdom, United States and Canada （Smith,
1990a cited in Fennell, 2013）. A defining characteristic of community development is that it is based on local initiatives by advocating a site-specific approach to finding solutions to community problems using community members and resources. Bujold（ 1995, 5, cited in Fennell, 2013） defined community development as the process by which the efforts of the people themselves are united with those of governmental authorities to improve economic, social and cultural conditions of that community. Tourism is seen increasingly as a key community development tool, with the recognition of its economic contribution in bolstering stagnating economies and diversifying existing sectors, and its ability to unify community members. Such

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