Operant Conditioning
During our developmental stages, we experience different learning processes that result in a range of behaviors. Two of the well known associative learning processes that are continuously studied are Operant Conditioning and Classical Conditioning. In our everyday activities we are constantly experiencing one, if not both learning theories. These theories have played an important role in our medical advancements such as in research and improvement in medicine. Burrhus Fredric Skinner developed operant condition which is process of “learning from the consequences of our behavior through positive or negative reinforcements” (Ayers, 2011, p. 379). An “operant” is some unit of behavior or voluntary response (Wallace, 1970, p. 39). A reinforcement …show more content…
Students are always praised when they display good behavior or good grades. For instance, teachers always encourage their students to study hard in order to get excellent grades. These good grades will result in students being part of the Honor Roll list who were rewarded every semester with a pizza party. Here, the positive reinforcement was the pizza party. In order to attend the pizza party, students had to display outstanding grades which results in their constant effort to study (the operant). This scenario creates a positive behavior that increases its occurrences. The students are more motivated to study and excel in school because their actions will be rewarded with a positive …show more content…
Here, each student depending on their group was shown a beige or blue pen (the neutral conditioned stimulus) on a slide show and had to enter a room where like or dislike music (unconditioned stimuli) was played. The students were divided into four groups; Group 1 was given the beige pen on a slideshow with liked music, Group 2 was given the beige pen on the slideshow with disliked music, Group 3 was given the blue pen on the slideshow with liked music and Group 4 the blue pen with disliked music. Each group entered the rooms to view their corresponding slideshows with their assigned type of
Harvest Valley Bathroom
679 Words | 3 PagesPOSITIVE REWARD PROGRAM “Students will earn privileges, not lose them!” Lou Thompson (Following months of therapy.) Lou KNEW the program would not work. (“Our Conduct Disordered, Assaultive student will blow it off.”)
Ap Psychology Midterm Study Guide
903 Words | 4 PagesPavlov’s dog experiment is a base for the establishment of classical conditioning theory and its concepts. In classical conditioning, generalization is defined as the process in which a stimulus similar to the original CS produces similar behavior identical
Ap Psychology Chapter 7 Checkpoint
228 Words | 1 PagesIn chapter 7, I found the concept of punishment to be most intriguing. Punishment is a part of operant conditioning which was theorized by B.F. Skinner. Punishment is often confused with negative reinforcement. However, the main difference between the two is: while the goal of reinforcement is to increase the likelihood of a behavior, the primary goal of punishment is to reduce the chances of the behavior it follows. In 1938, Skinner concluded that punishment produces only temporary suppression of behavior but later research found that effects may be permanent.
The Little Albert Experiment
1155 Words | 5 PagesThe major key findings that were discovered in this study include the idea that it is possible that after being conditioned to react to a certain stimulus, the subject could possibly begin to generalize different objects that may cause the subject to react the same way towards the generalized stimuli as the subject did to the original stimulus. Another finding is that classical conditioning is something that could potentially have a long lasting effect on someone, especially if the subject formed a generalization to the original stimulus. The researchers felt that because of the lack of experimental evidence provided about the subject before this experiment prompted them to research it
Harry Foxx Case Study
1206 Words | 5 PagesOperant conditioning is a type of learning process where the strength of a client’s behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment. Dr. Foxx’s work with Harry is an example of operant conditioning because of the techniques he used with different levels of consequences, for example time out and physical reinforcements. With that being said Dr. Foxx used Harrys restraints as both positive and negative reinforcements. In addition, some of the examples Dr. Foxx used to work with Harrys problem behavior
Mr. Byrne's Operant Conditioning
443 Words | 2 PagesOperant conditioning is a condition in which the desired behavior or increasingly closer to the approximations to it are followed by a rewarding or reinforcing stimulus. “The fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that behavior is determined by its consequences. Behavior does not occur as isolated and unrelated events; the consequences that follow the actions of an animal, be they good, bad, or indifferent, will have an effect on the frequency with which those actions are repeated in the future,” (Laule 2). A reinforcement strengthens a response, reinforcement
05.06 Operant Conditioning Analysis
761 Words | 4 Pages05.06 Discussion-Based Assessment The first thing we discussed was classical conditioning. It sort of all started after Pavlov’s experiment with the dogs. John B. Watson, a psychologist, began his testing on emotional conditioning. John’s theory was that people are not born with a fear of objects.
Respondent Conditioning Chapter 3 Summary
552 Words | 3 PagesChapter three deals with procedures based in the principles of “respondent conditioning”, also known as Classical or Pavlovian conditioning. Classical conditioning is different than “operant conditioning”, in which a behavior is modified through its consequences, known as a reinforcer or punisher. These behaviors are called operant behaviors or voluntary. However, this chapter focuses on “respondent behavior”.
Classical Conditioning And Observational Learning Analysis
2548 Words | 11 PagesMy coach for soccer has taught me how to play soccer from a young age and in order for my coach to be able to coach me successfully the coach would need a ball and soccer training methods. My version of playing soccer was just passing a ball and the soccer ball was the object I made an association with and when I was starting to take soccer seriously it meant I would need a coach and I did not know how a coach was and how it would enable me to be able to play soccer and it classical conditioning terms it would be called unconditioned association. The unconditioned stimuli (UCS), which is the coach, is going to enable me to emit a response which is to be able to play soccer and the behaviour I emit is known as the unconditioned response (UCR) because the coach has not yet taught me how to play soccer. When the coach starts coaching me to become a good soccer player, the coach moves from being the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) to the neutral stimulus (NS), the coach becomes the conditioned stimulus (CS) because she has been training me on a regular basis which results in my unconditioned response (UCR) becoming the conditioned response (CR) which is to play soccer the proper way by; passing, dribbling, defending and shooting.
Compare And Contrast Operant Conditioning And Classical Conditioning
1404 Words | 6 PagesINTRODUCTION Have you ever thought on how people explain about behaviour? How do we know when learning process has occurred? Learning is permanent change that happened in the way of your behaviour acts, arises from experience one’s had gone through. This kind of learning and experience are beneficial for us to adapt with new environment or surrounding (Surbhi, 2018). The most simple form of learning is conditioning which is divided into two categories which are operant conditioning and classical conditioning.
Pros And Cons Of Operant Conditioning
926 Words | 4 PagesThe Positive and Negative of Operant Conditioning and The Most Effective Method There are many ways we can come about in behavior. An American psychologist, B.F. Skinner, introduced the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is known as associative learning and a learning process. The theory is made up of two factors in which behavior is modified through either reinforcement and or punishment.
Pavlov's Theory Of Classical Conditioning
1265 Words | 6 PagesLink to reality: Both Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning and Pavlov’s theory of classical conditioning can be used every day in an ECCE setting. Today many school systems and childhood authorities follow Skinner’s and Pavlov’s theory by using the approach of positive reinforcement. This encourages good behaviour in the child making the behaviour more likely to be repeated again as they are rewarded and praised for their efforts in reading, writing and general learning. It is important that children’s efforts in a learning setting are rewarded as this will encourage the child to perform to the best of their ability.
Pros And Cons Of Cooperative Learning
948 Words | 4 PagesThe motivational critique of traditional classroom organisation holds that the competitive grading and informal reward system of the classroom creates peer norms opposing academic efforts (Coleman, 1961). Since one student's success decreases the chances that others will succeed, students are likely to prompt norms that high achievement is for "nerds" or teachers' pets. Such work restriction norms are familiar in industry, where the "rate buster" is scorned by his or her fellow workers (Vroom, 1969). However, by having students work together toward a common goal, they may be motivated to express norms favouring academic achievement, to reinforce each other for academic efforts. Thus, motivational theorists build group rewards into their co-operative learning methods.
John B. Watson's Theory Of Behaviorism
1558 Words | 7 PagesEventually, the previously neutral stimulus comes to evoke the response without the presence of the naturally occurring stimulus. The two elements are then known as the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response. 2. Operant conditioning Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that
Bf Skinner's Theory Of Behaviour Modification
1114 Words | 5 Pages1. B.F. Skinner: Behaviour modification Positive and negative reinforcements or rewards and punishments are used to modify or shape learner’s behaviour. B. F. Skinner’s entire system is based on operant conditioning. The organism is in the process of "operating" on the environment, which in ordinary terms means it is bouncing around its world, doing what it does. During this "operating," the organism encounters a special kind of stimulus, called a reinforcing stimulus, or simply a reinforcer.
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