FACISM(IDEOLOGY)
Fascism is a complex ideology. There are many definitions of fascism; some people describe it as a type or set of political actions, a political philosophy or a mass movement. Most definitions agree that fascism is authoritarian and promotes nationalism at all costs, but its basic characteristics are a matter of debate.
Fascism is commonly associated with German Nazi and Italian regimes that came to power after World War I, though several other countries have experienced fascist regimes or elements of them. Adolf Hitler in Germany, Benito Mussolini in Italy, Francisco Franco in Spain and Juan Perón in Argentina were well-known fascist leaders of the 20th century.
Robert Paxton, a professor emeritus of social science at Columbia University in New York who is widely considered the father of fascism studies, defined fascism as "a form of political practice distinguishing to the 20th century that arouses popular enthusiasm by sophisticated propaganda techniques for an anti-liberal, anti-socialist, violently exclusionary, expansionist nationalist agenda."
Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that took
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Each one explains a specific part to the philosophy of Nazism. The Nazis ideology was also rooted in extreme racism. Hitler and the Nazis argued that the German strength existed in its Aryan race, which they saw as 'the perfect race ' and superior to all others. The Nazis established a racial ideology that viewed racial impurity as threatening to this Germanic perfection. For the Nazis, Jewish people were the embodiment of racial imperfection, and people of the Judaic faith were categorized as having 'alien blood. ' Nazism was based on the idea that the Aryan race had a responsibility to expand its 'perfection ' and should not be threatened by the 'impurity ' of Jewish people, an obstacle that would have to be
Anti-semitism affected people psychologically, new laws were created, more regulations, and guidelines, while the goal of Nazi propaganda that targeted Jews was to dehumanize Jews and normalize hate. Empathy and engagement with mankind is what makes us human, and society shows that by embracing indifference, we would betray our humanity. Nicholas
The Nazis used a specific process to convince the German people that they were right and to follow them would be the right thing to do. According to Source F "In the definition stage, the Nazis defined a Jew based on irrational pseudo-scientific beliefs." This indicates that the Nazis first found a group of people to blame for all of the problems that Germans were having. That group was the Jewish people and they became the scapegoat and they were blamed for everything that was going wrong even though it was not their fault at all.
The National Socialism is inspired by the fascism ideology that created in Italy with the leadership of Benito Mussolini. The Nazism consisted of a high level of racism, trying to create the ultimate White Aryan race. This race of Germans was superior to all other races and White Aryan race’s place was very important to mankind and the danger for this race was considered Jews. According to Nazism ideology every institution and systems in the world that belonged to capitalism was created and led by Jews, and these Jews were a parasite to every other nation especially to the Aryan race.
Anger leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering” summarizes the thinking behind Nazi Germany and the Holocaust. Intro to SD2: Intolerance is another way the Nazis justified the Holocaust. The differences between the Jewish people and the average German was pointed out with great hostility upon the rise of the Nazi Party.
In 1919, Benito Mussolini described fascism as “A movement that would strike against the backwardness of the right and the destructiveness of the left.” That “Fascism sitting on the right, could also have sat on the mountain of the center… These words in any case do not have a fixed and unchanged: they do have a variable subject to location, time and spirit. We don’t give a damn about these empty terminologies and we despise those who are terrorized by these words.” Fascism came into prominence in the early 20th-century Europe. It originated in Italy during World War I.
Fascism is ideology which often uses totalitarianism and nationalism methods. The fascist leaders made people are the subject to the government, and limit the independency of the people, in order to gain the better for the nation. This is somehow similar to absolutism of western Europe during 17th and 18th century. Absolutism had given the monarch absolute power to rule over people, while fascism had given the leader and the nation the power to rule over the people of the state. Moreover, fascism had denied the democratic parliament system, and had only allowed the “elite” to rule over the country.
The Holocaust is a shining example of Anti-Semitism at its best and it was no secret that the Nazis tried to wipe out the Jews from Europe but the question is why did the Nazis persecute the Jews and how did they try to do it. This essay will show how the momentum, from a negative idea about a group of people to a genocide resulting in the murder of 6 million Jews, is carried from the beginning of the 19th Century, with pseudo-scientific racial theories, throught the 20th century in the forms of applied social darwinism and eugenics(the display of the T4 programme), Nazi ideas regarding the Jews and how discrimination increased in the form of the Nuremberg Laws , Kristallnacht, and last but not least, The Final Solution. Spanning throughout the 19th century, racial theories were seen. Pseudo-Scientific theories such as Craniometry,where the size of one’s skull determines one’s characteristics or could justifies one’s race( this theory was used first by Peter Camper and then Samuel Morton), Karl Vogt’s theory of the Negro race being related to apes and of how Caucasian race is a separate species to the Negro race, Arthur de Gobineau’s theory of how miscegenation(mixing or interbreeding of different races) would lead to the fall of civilisation.
The Nazis believed the Germans were “racially superior” and the Jews were inferior (The Holocaust). Over 6 million Jews lost their lives during the Holocaust (The Holocaust). The main targets were Jews, disabled, Gypsies, and slavic people (The Holocaust). If they did not match the “social norms”, they were killed (The Holocaust). Between the years 1941 and 1944, Jews were deported to concentration camps where they were then killed (The Holocaust).
The Nazis were a horrible force, with their own police force known as the SS, who assisted greatly, and even took a lot of responsibility for, the Final Solution. (SS) The Nazis and SS held onto the belief that a person's worth was largely determined by their race, and that the purest race should be protected and all
The Nazis were known for doing many things to Jews and others and they had their reasons. Their was many purposes for the things they did. The Nazis tried to defy the laws of human nature. They experiment on the Jews. They also tortured Jews just for the enjoyment.
Have you ever heard the saying that Fascism and Communism are two sides of the same coin? These ideologies flourished during the first half of the 20th century and influenced several European states which followed the two ideologies. Fascism was imposed in order to promote powerful and permanent nationalism within a totalitarian state led by a dictator which is ready to engage in conflict internally and with its neighbors. The doctrine of Fascism was drafted in 1919 by Giovanni Gentile and adopted by Mussolini (Mussolini is considered the founder of fascism). Gentile stated, “Everything for the state; nothing against the state” (Heywood, Politics 48).
The Third Reich, referring to Hitler’s reign and Germany being under Nazi rule between the years 1933-1945, is often referred to as a totalitarian state. A totalitarian state is a system of government in which all power is centralized and does not allow any rival authorities, and the state controls every corner of individual lives with absolute power. Nazi Germany has been referred to as an excellent example of this type of government. This essay will analyse five aspects of Nazi Germany to determine whether it truly exhibited the totalitarian style of government.
Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany were similar in that both were dictatorships. Both Mussolini and Hitler came to power through legal means and believed that people were divided into either inferior or superior races. For example, Hitler was obsessed with the Aryan race and called for the genocide of Jews during WWII. In addition, both Mussolini and Hitler favored the wealthy, believed that an individual was meaningless and must submit to the decisions of their leaders, and aimed at self-sufficiency so that each could survive entirely without international trade. Furthermore, Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy “had aimed for prestige and power for their countries, and brought instead humiliation and destruction” (Tarr, R.,
Fascism and communism are both types of totalitarian style governments that had a great influence on the 20th century. Communism involved the emphasis on the common good by seizing private property and distributing it among the masses in order to create state-owned property, whereas fascism involved the complete rule of a dictator by forcibly suppressing the opposition with an emphasis on nationalism and sometimes racism. The most popular example of communism was the Soviet Union, but many smaller countries possessed the Soviet Union’s communist influence. The two most popular examples of fascist style governments include Hitler’s Nazism in Germany, which had an emphasis on racism, and Mussolini’s fascist state in Italy. Although many countries pursued communist style governments, fascism had a greater impact and
As the Nazi party rose to power with their psychopathic leader, Adolf Hitler, at the helm they made it very clear that Jewish people were a threat to the German future and must therefore be exterminated.